Boiler room in a private house for a gas boiler: design standards for a boiler room

What are the requirements for a boiler room in a private house for gas in 2022? Approval of a gas boiler house project in a private house by the relevant services is a prerequisite for connecting equipment for heating coolant or water for domestic needs. Strict mandatory requirements are imposed on the parameters of building structures, the air exchange system and the conditions for gas supply and fire safety. With the right approach, they are clarified in advance with local authorities and are observed exactly, without any deviations from acceptable standards.

Primary requirements

The most important rules for the construction of gas boiler houses relate to the distance to buildings and structures.
Industrial installations, which, unlike energy and heat supply plants, belong to risk category 3, must be located at least 300 m from the nearest residential building. But in practice, numerous amendments are introduced to these norms. The features of communications and the volume of noise, the intensity of air contamination with combustion products are taken into account. Attached boiler rooms cannot be located under the windows of apartments (minimum distance - 4 m); near kindergartens, schools and medical institutions, only free-standing structures can be used, because even the best extensions do not guarantee proper protection. However, there are strict requirements for the premises. Thus, wall-mounted gas boilers cannot be installed in rooms smaller than 7.51 m3. A door with an air passage must be provided. The minimum area of this passage is 0.02 m2. There should be at least 0.45 m of free space between the top edge of the heating device and the ceiling.

The volume standards for the boiler in terms of power are as follows:

if the device generates less than 30 kW of heat, then it can be placed in a room of 7.5 m3;
if the power is above 30 but below 60 kW, you will need a volume of at least 13.5 m3;
finally, in rooms with a volume of 15 m3 or more, boilers of practically unlimited power can be installed - as far as practical, permissible according to fire protection standards, of course.

But it’s better to add 0.2 m3 for every additional kW of power. Strict standards also apply to glazing area. It is at least 0.03 square meters. m. for each cubic meter of internal volume.

If inspectors find that the result is adjusted taking into account the frame, partitions, window casings, and so on, they have the right to impose a substantial fine and even order the boiler room to be closed completely. And any court will support their decision. Moreover, the glass itself must be made using easily removable technology. You will have to use only ordinary window sheets - no stalinites, triplexes or similar reinforced materials. To some extent, double-glazed windows with a rotating or sliding element can serve as a replacement.

A separate topic is fresh air ventilation in a private house with a gas boiler. A continuously open window is very primitive and outdated. It would be much more correct to use mechanized hoods and exhaust gas removal systems. In any case, air exchange should provide a 3-fold change of all air every 60 minutes. For each kilowatt of thermal power, it is required to provide 0.08 cm3 of ventilation duct volume.

Given the increased level of danger, it is necessary to install a gas sensor. It is selected only from certified and time-tested samples from well-known manufacturers.

When selecting a metering unit, both technical and commercial aspects are taken into account. You will have to take into account both fuel consumption and coolant costs

Storage water heaters

Water heater installation diagram.

They are often designed in the form of a tank filled with water. Water is poured into it, after which it is heated to a preset temperature.

Such heaters are equipped with a special air layer that prevents the water in the tank from cooling quickly. So, having heated the water in the morning, you can use it throughout the day or until it runs out. Devices must be constantly connected to the network.

Due to the operation of the thermostat, the water in the tank always remains heated to a certain value: when the water cools down to a certain temperature, the heating element turns on.

The boiler of this device is usually installed either in the bathroom or in the toilet. Storage water heaters are attractive because they consume little electricity. However, you will have to rack your brains about where to place the volumetric tank, and wait at least 1-1.5 hours until the water in the tank heats up.

Dimensions for rooms with other boilers

In addition to gas equipment, there are other devices that run on electricity, solid or liquid fuel. For boiler rooms serving different types of equipment, their own standard rules have been developed.

Liquid fuel

Boilers of this category use fuel oil, oil, and diesel fuel for operation. They make a lot of noise and a specific smell. Because of these factors, it is better to place the liquid fuel boiler room in a separate building, perhaps in a garage. For convenience, you should take care of sound insulation, and add a seal to metal doors; it will, to some extent, help keep out noise and odors.

When calculating the parameters of a room, 4.5 square meters are taken into account. m for installing the boiler and space for storing fuel. In extreme cases, the fuel tank can be located outdoors. The boiler room needs good ventilation; a window is provided at the bottom of the wall for ventilation. Liquid fuel boiler rooms are installed extremely rarely due to strict fire safety requirements.

Solid fuel

Solid fuels include firewood, all kinds of European firewood, pellets, fuel briquettes, coal and peat. This entire range is non-explosive and costs less than gas, but is inferior in comfort. In addition, such boilers have low efficiency, only 75%. GOST requirements for a solid fuel boiler room are less stringent than for gas equipment. The room should be 8 square meters in size. m and is located in a separate building. But sometimes it is installed in a room below the residential level.

The wiring in the room should be hidden, it is better if it runs inside fire-resistant pipes, and have a reduced voltage (42 V) to power the outlets. Maximum tightness is used for switch equipment.

For solid fuel boiler houses, supply and exhaust ventilation is important; the supply of fresh air allows the fuel to burn better. The hood cross-section for the basement floor is calculated according to the scheme - 1 kilowatt of boiler power per 8 square meters. cm. For the basement, the cross-sectional dimensions increase to 24 square meters. cm per kW of power. An inlet window is installed at the bottom of the wall.

The chimney must be straight, or at least have a minimum of elbows. It is good if the cross-section of the pipe coincides with the diameter of the inlet, but is not narrowed by the adapter. The pipe is brought outside thanks to a unit made of fire-resistant material installed at the chimney outlet through the roof or wall. Furnace rooms with solid fuel must be equipped with a fire shield and a fire extinguisher.

On electricity

Electric boilers are the safest and most comfortable. But before you decide to install them, you should weigh all the pros and cons; each of the arguments is quite weighty and can influence the owner’s choice. Let's start with the positives.

A heating boiler of this type is no more dangerous than any household electrical appliance in the house.
It does not require a special room; a kitchen, bathroom, or hallway is quite suitable for installation.
There is no need to equip a special ventilation system.
The boiler does not have hazardous combustion products.
Does not make noise or smell.
Its efficiency is close to 99%.

The main disadvantage of this type of equipment is its complete dependence on external power supply. Installing boilers in areas with frequent power outages is not practical. For buildings with an area of about 300 sq. m will need a boiler with a power of 30 kW. The heating system must be equipped with a stabilizer and safety circuit breakers. The wiring in the house must be new and reinforced.

There is another significant disadvantage of heating a house using electricity - the cost of such heating, which is the highest among all known methods. Whatever type of heating system is chosen, it is necessary to follow the recommendations for its installation and operation.

Principle of operation

How does an instantaneous water heater work? A stream of water passes through a relatively small product, heating it to the desired temperature. The heating element is used of a standard type or in the form of a heating coil. In volumetric devices, the first option is always used, and in miniature ones, the second option, because there is simply nowhere to insert the heating element.

As soon as the tap opens, the heating element turns on, the water flow heats up, and when the tap is closed, the power supply to the product is turned off. The principle of operation of an instantaneous water heater is based on the fact that the temperature of the water flow set by the user is gained in a short time, and then only with the help of the heating element is kept constant. Externally, an ordinary electric instantaneous water heater looks like a small plastic container with a connection to the home water supply.

When an instantaneous electric water heater is used as a separate hot water tap, its operating principle becomes even simpler: the water flow is instantly heated by a powerful spiral enclosed in a copper housing.

Boiler room with solid fuel boiler

In accordance with the requirements of building codes, solid fuel boilers are installed only in non-residential premises. If the power of the unit is large, the construction of a separate boiler room will be required.

What should the room be like?

There are a number of requirements for placement under a solid fuel boiler:

the distance between the firebox door and the wall is from 1.2 to 1.5 m;
the distance from the side walls of the boiler to a wall made of fireproof material or protected by a special screen is at least 1 m;
the gap between the rear wall of the boiler and the surface of combustible material with a protective screen is at least 0.5 m for boilers with a rear connection;
ban on superstructures above the boiler room;
effective supply ventilation located in the lower part in the form of a gap between the door and the floor or a hole in the wall.

If the wall is made of material that meets fire safety requirements, then it is permissible to attach the pipe located behind the boiler to it using brackets.

In order to operate a CT with parameters of 1x0.8 m at the base with at least a minimum of comfort, you need to install it in a room of 2.8x2.5 m. As the dimensions of the unit increase, the area of the boiler room also increases.

It is necessary to plan the installation of a solid fuel boiler at the stage of building a house in order to allocate space for the chimney in advance

If the boiler room is in the form of an extension, then the correct location for it is a blank wall. The distance to windows and doors in both vertical and horizontal directions must be at least 1 m. If the boiler room is located in the basement, ground floor or first floor, it is necessary to install a door that opens outward.

Equipment for solid fuel boiler house

A functional and well-designed diagram of a boiler room with a solid fuel boiler should include a number of elements:

Heat generator equipped with appropriate bunkers, fuel chambers, etc.
Boiler TT piping, consisting of a circulation pump, 3-way valve, safety group.
Chimney.
Storage water heater for supplying the house with hot water.
Automation - weather-dependent or in-house.
Fire extinguishing system.

Coal, peat, and firewood are used as fuel for TT. The diameter of the chimney in a boiler room with a TT unit must be equal to the cross-section of the boiler pipe. The room requires exhaust ventilation, designed so that for every 8 cm² of its area there is 1 kW of boiler power. If the boiler is installed in the basement, this parameter is multiplied by 3.

A steel sheet must be laid around the base of the boiler. It needs to protrude 1 m on each side. The layer of plaster on the walls should be no less than 3 cm thick.

In the chimney itself, which has the same cross-section along its entire length, holes are provided for collecting and removing soot. A mandatory attribute is fire extinguishing equipment.

A high-quality solid fuel boiler is capable of converting any type of solid fuel into thermal energy. This allows you to save money

For 1 kW of TT boiler power there should be about 0.08 m² of glazing area. The maximum permissible area of the boiler room is 8 m². If you plan to load the firebox with coal, then the electrical wiring must be protected from coal dust, because it can explode at a certain concentration.

DIY water heater installation

Diagram of the connected water heater.

Instantaneous water heaters are much easier to install yourself than storage water heaters. To do this, you just need to install a special machine and lay a powerful three-core cable directly from the switchboard. Installation is carried out in 2 options:

run the cable under the baseboard or groove the wall, and after laying the cable, seal it with cement or putty.

From the tool you may need:

perforator;
screwdriver;
drill;
spanners;
pliers.

Installing a storage water heater with your own hands can take from 2 to several hours. First you need to calculate exactly how much tank volume you will need. This must be done to understand exactly how the water heater should be mounted.

Thus, tanks with a volume of up to 100 liters can be hung on the wall, but with a volume of more than 150 liters they must be placed on the floor.

According to the rules, the tank of a storage-type water heater must be located at least 30 cm above the floor. The most convenient mounting location in the apartment is above the toilet in the toilet.

Water heater design diagram.

Everyone chooses the specific height themselves, based on their height and the height of their family members. Installation of such a water heater may require several people (at least 2).

Tanks are supplied for sale with the necessary fastenings: anchor bolts - 2 or 4, depending on the type of water heater.

Therefore, when installing it yourself, first be sure to attach the anchors to the wall according to the instructions. The required distance, if not specified, is calculated from the notch on the rear of the tank.
The main thing to remember when installing a storage water heater with your own hands is that the wall must be load-bearing. If the wall crumbles when drilling, you need to take longer anchors.
When a tank is not secured securely, there is a high probability of its collapse. Who wants to change the toilet with their own hands? So the installation should begin with checking the complete configuration of the storage water heater.

Connection diagram of the cold water line to the water heater.

Storage water heaters have 2 special outputs: red and blue. This is for cold and hot water respectively. The included safety valve is attached to the blue hole. It is necessary for the proper operation of the water heater: this valve is responsible for releasing excess pressure in the tank.

2 special ball shut-off valves are attached to the red outlet from the tank and to the check valve of the blue outlet. The tank can be attached to the water pipes and mixer using metal-plastic pipes or using a flexible line of the required length.

If, when installing with your own hands, you decide to go with metal-plastic pipes, you should remember 2 mandatory things:

You cannot bend such pipes;
you need to carefully select pipes. Thus, seamed metal-plastic pipes are suitable only for cold water, while seamless pipes are required for hot water.
If you plan to install and use a flow-through heater in an apartment, then, as noted above, it will require a three-core cable.
A gas instantaneous water heater is not yet the most common occurrence in a modern apartment. And since you will have to deal with the gas main, it is better to invite a specialist to properly install and connect the gas device.

Whatever option you choose, the main thing will be the uninterrupted availability of hot water, which will undoubtedly make the life of any person much easier.

We study the structure of the boiler: 4 internal elements.

Electric boiler for a private boiler room

Of all the models used in a private home, the safest is the electric boiler. It is not necessary to equip a separate boiler room for it. When heating the coolant, no combustion products are released, so ventilation is not needed for it.

Installation of such boilers is simple, they do not create noise during operation, and they are easy to care for. Electric boilers have high efficiency, reaching 99% in some cases. The disadvantage is the high requirements for network power, as well as the dependence on its stable operation.

You can place an electric boiler in any corner of the house, as long as it is convenient. It consumes a lot of electricity and is most often used as an additional heat source

The connection of an electric boiler is carried out according to different schemes: it is connected to heating radiators, and the possibility of installing a cascade is provided in cases where it is necessary to heat a large area.

The piping is carried out according to two schemes - direct and mixing. In the first case, the temperature is controlled using a burner, and in the second, using a servo-driven mixer.

Simple design of a gas boiler

The boiler is controlled by a temperature sensor and thermostat. They are responsible for fixing a certain level of water temperature, and as soon as the heating reaches the desired level, the system automatically turns off. Gas boilers are equipped with a safety group or, in other words, a special safety valve that relieves too high pressure. This prevents the product from exploding and similar consequences. To prevent scale formation on the product, a magnesium anode is also installed in it, which needs to be changed over time, as it is destroyed due to exposure to salts in hard water.

Boilers can be of different types, types, shapes and even installation methods, but the requirements for their purchase are on average the same, since you need:

Inspect the body for integrity; Pay attention to the availability of certificates for compliance with GOST; Buy products only at specialized sales points; Be sure to check the terms of the warranty.

The volume of the boiler room in the house depending on the boiler

With a power of up to 30 kW, the volume of the room is 7.5 cubic meters. In this case, the boiler room can be built into the house or combined with the kitchen.
30 - 60 kW - respectively 13.5 cubic meters (the boiler room can be represented by an extension or a separate room on any floor of the house);
60 - 200 kW - at least 15 cubic meters (separately located building, extension, first, ground or basement floor of the house).

It is necessary to have a window of at least 0.5 sq.m., a door 0.8 m wide, and a sewer outlet to prevent flooding.

Dimensions for a gas boiler room

A gas boiler room is equipped with a chimney at a level above the roof and there must be a channel for cleaning the chimney.

According to the requirements, a gas boiler room must be equipped with an emergency gas shut-off system. If gas is used, but liquefied, then the location of the boiler room in the basement or basement is excluded. The height to the ceiling should be 2.5 m or higher. The permissible volume of the boiler room is 14 cubic meters.

Dimensions for a liquid fuel boiler room

Liquid fuel boiler houses operate on waste oil, fuel oil or diesel fuel.

The requirements for the size of a boiler room for a private house allocated for such boilers are the same as for gas boilers. The area takes into account 4 sq.m per boiler and the area for the fuel container. The fuel tank can also be installed outside the boiler room.

Since diesel boiler rooms are noisy, it is advisable to allocate a separate room for them. For gas and liquid fuel boilers, the room must be well ventilated. For air flow below, there must be a window on one of the walls of the boiler room. For each cube of the room there should be a window of 0.03 sq. m (but not less than about 5 sq. m in total). In this case, the window must have a window. Door width 0.8 m or more.

Liquid fuel boilers are rarely used, since their use requires compliance with the strictest fire safety requirements.

A free-standing boiler room always has an advantage over a built-in one or an extension due to safety, less noise, and saving of living space in the house.

Dimensions of a solid fuel boiler room

Solid fuel boilers are the most cost-effective because this type of fuel is the cheapest and is not explosive. The requirements for the boiler room are not so stringent.

A strong argument against a solid fuel boiler is its low efficiency - no more than 75%. Boiler rooms equipped with a solid fuel boiler must have fire extinguishing equipment. Requirements for the size of the boiler room are at least 8 square meters. The solid fuel boiler room must be a separate room, the interior decoration must be made of non-combustible materials. The wiring in the boiler room, where the boiler runs on coal, must be hidden. The best option is in steel pipes, since coal dust can be explosive.

Dimensions for an electric boiler room

Electric boiler rooms, subject to all safety standards and regulations, are the most fireproof. Electric boiler rooms depend entirely on the quality of the wiring. Their advantage is that they save space and lack special requirements in terms of ventilation. However, they require safety circuit breakers. Electric boilers are the most expensive way to provide heat to a home. There is no need for a separate room for the boiler room; the boiler can be installed anywhere convenient.

The choice of the type of boiler for heating a private house, its power and placement must be planned at the house design stage, taking into account the needs, capabilities and heated area. Individual heating, subject to safety regulations and standards, is a rational solution to the problem of supplying heat to a private home and allows you to regulate it taking into account your own needs.

Some characteristics

So, before you start installing water heating devices with your own hands, you need to figure out which one is right for you in terms of all its characteristics.

Today there are several types of water heaters on the market:

accumulative;
electric flow;
flow gas type.

Of these, each buyer chooses solely according to his preferences. As a rule, a big role is played by how often and how many people will use a particular water heater during the period when hot water is turned off.

If it’s just one person and not very often, then you can install a flow element for yourself. But if at this time there will be 3 or more family members living in the apartment, then the storage accessory will be the best choice.

Installation of a boiler room in a private house: equipment

By and large, when it comes to a liquid heating system, the boiler room layout in a private house, regardless of the fuel used, has approximately the same set of equipment. Any furnace cannot do without the following elements of the system.

Boiler. This, one might say, is the heart of the boiler room - it is in it that the coolant is heated, which is subsequently, with the help of a complex system of pipelines and auxiliary equipment, supplied to batteries located throughout the house.
Distribution manifold - in a large house it is difficult to do without it. The tasks of this device include uniform division of the coolant between separate groups of heating devices - such groups are called wings. The collector itself has a simple design, but if you take into account all the equipment that is installed on it, you get a rather complex product. Firstly, this is a hydraulic gun, the task of which is to maintain a stable and, most importantly, constant temperature in the collector. Secondly, these are circulation pumps mounted on each wing. And thirdly, this is control equipment - the so-called safety group, which includes pressure gauges, thermometers and a lot of sensors responsible for the operation of the main components of the boiler room.
Installation of a boiler room in a private house cannot be done without a so-called expansion tank - today they are made using membrane technology and, unlike old equipment of this type, they take up practically no space.
An indispensable attribute of arranging a boiler room in a private house is a boiler or heat exchanger. This device is designed to provide home residents with hot water. This is a separate closed circuit, which is heated by the heating system through a heat exchanger - it has its own circulation pumps, which often operate automatically and start circulating hot water at a certain time of the day.
Automation is also an integral part of a modern boiler room. It can control anything – including the temperature inside each individual room.
Pipelines and shut-off valves. Thanks to the first, the coolant is supplied to the house, and thanks to the second, the system as a whole is configured and adjusted. In addition, shut-off valves provide quick and easy system repair in the event of an emergency.

We should also not forget about smaller, but nevertheless significant equipment in any heating system - these are all kinds of sensors and hazard alarms and, of course, ventilation and smoke removal systems. The latter need to be given no less attention than the boiler equipment itself - ventilation provides an air flow, which ensures high-quality combustion of fuel, and smoke removal, accordingly, removes combustion products. These two systems cannot work without each other - smoke cannot be removed without a supply of fresh air.

In general, a boiler room in a private house is by no means a simple design - there is a lot of equipment, and the boiler wiring diagram is also complex. Before you think about making it yourself, you should carefully calculate your strength. Moreover, if you think that drawings will solve all problems, you are mistaken. At a minimum, you need to understand what is happening in the boiler room - what liquid is moving and where, which pump pumps what and where

In general, it is important to understand not only the structure, but also the operating principle of each individual boiler room unit

Author of the article Alexander Kulikov

Boiler design

In this diagram you can see the main elements of the boiler design.

A boiler is a device that heats and stores hot water. Structurally, it is a container of one volume or another, equipped with thermal insulation and a heating element. The water supplied to the tank is heated to a predetermined temperature, after which it can be used by consumers. The heating temperature is adjusted and maintained using a built-in thermostat. The maximum temperature reaches +70-80 degrees.

Most boilers have a pressure design. That is, the outlet water flows under the same pressure under which it is supplied to the unit’s tank. If the supply of cold water stops, then it will not be possible to get water from the storage water heater - it simply will not flow out of it. Thus, the water in the tank is under constant pressure (increasing with heating).

How does a boiler work and what components will we find in its interior?

A tank with a protective coating is the basis of any storage water heater. Tanks are made of metal and coated with enamel or glass-ceramics to prevent corrosion. Tank capacity varies from 10 to 300 liters;
Heating element – inside boilers we can find one or two heating elements. They are responsible for heating the water (in gas boilers this function is performed by the burner);
Thermostat – provides support for the set temperature (mechanical or electronic adjustment is used);
The control panel is hidden or open, it is used to set the temperature;
Thermometer – provides control of the temperature of the water in the tank. The thermometer can be mechanical or electronic.

The design of boilers is extremely simple, and the main volume is occupied by massive tanks of varying capacities.

Disadvantages of modern heating systems

As with any heating system, an autonomous one has its drawbacks. Although there are much fewer of them compared to the centralized one. Due to the fact that gas autonomous boiler houses are not widespread, it is quite problematic to obtain reliable equipment and all the components adjacent to it.

Therefore, boiler room elements will cost customers a tidy sum. Despite the high level of comfort that the systems in question provide, not all developers are willing to pay a lot of money for it.

In the event of an emergency, the entire heat supply system completely fails. There is up to five cubic meters of boiling water above people's heads. If the pipes burst, the water will flow down. That is why there are so many requirements for gas equipment

In addition, gas boiler rooms must be located in separate rooms or buildings. To do this, you need to allocate an area near the house, bring the roof to the required technical conditions, or install a block structure on the roof. All of these solutions require an infusion of additional resources either from the developer or from a common fund created by residents.

Gas heating systems release polluting decay products into the environment. Therefore, when installing boiler rooms, it is necessary to provide for the installation of filtration systems. Cleaning devices must perform their functions sufficiently to comply with SNiP standards. This further increases the cost of purchasing equipment.

When building a new house, the developer has a choice: to build an autonomous heating system or connect to the central highway. In order to crash into a highway, you need to obtain a number of permits. Often, resolving a problem requires a large sum of money. In addition, you will need to wait more than one month until the papers are checked by all authorities.

The high cost of connecting to existing networks, difficulties in coordinating this procedure, as well as the presence of many obstacles that impede the rapid and efficient installation of heating networks reduce the attractiveness of autonomous systems for developers.

Often the installation of gas boilers on the upper enclosing structure entails the need to strengthen the ceiling. The total load created by the heating system can reach 15 tons. Such values can be avoided by installing flow-through equipment instead of capacitive

Installing autonomous heating is also associated with a number of bureaucratic procedures. Both the initial implementation of systems and reconstruction with redevelopment have their own characteristic features. This is mainly due to the fact that you are going to use gas as a heating resource. All work with gas is strictly regulated by law.

Modern engineering developments effectively combat a number of shortcomings. If you need to heat just one house, an excellent option would be to place a block boiler room in the attic of the house. The attic becomes heated, and residents of the top floor do not experience discomfort.

Such structures are developed in detail by engineers, are lightweight and are installed on load-bearing walls. For such options, a flat roof option is required. This subtlety is usually taken into account at the design stage. Designers carry out calculations and determine in advance the location for the boiler room on the roof of the house.

The law sets a limit on the power of equipment on the roofs of 3 MW. Some regions have a 5 MW limit. If such power is not enough to fully heat the entire house, then additional permits must be requested

However, despite all the shortcomings, ultimately, the residents of the house will significantly improve their living conditions and get rid of discomfort. In addition to all the obvious advantages, autonomous systems have an increased level of security.

The new systems are equipped with threat and emergency alarms. A variety of sensors for gas boilers monitor many indicators. In the event of a breakdown, the backup boiler and additional pumps are activated.

Regulations

You should immediately decide on the regulatory framework. Until mid-2003, SNiP standards No. 2.04.08-87 were in force. On July 1, 2003, SNiP 42-01-2002 came into force. All requirements and standards for installing boiler rooms in a private home must be taken from this document.

It is advisable to know the standards, although the design of a boiler room in a private house should be drawn up by a specialized organization. This way you can decide on the possibility and impossibility of installing this or that heating equipment, as well as what work you have to do in order to adjust the existing or under construction premises to the standards. For every difficulty or controversial issue, it is worth going to the design department of the gas supply organization and talking with them. There are a lot of nuances associated with the features of each house, which can only be solved by being tied to the house plan or its design.

What to look for when choosing a boiler

Boiler units operating with two heating circuits have high efficiency, since, consuming almost the same cubic capacity of gas, they provide a residential building with both heating and domestic hot water.

Wall-mounted and floor-mounted boilers have different thermal outputs, so they can be used in buildings with different heating volumes.

For small-sized objects, wall-mounted ones are preferred, for tall country cottages - floor-mounted ones, and the most complex large-sized structures.

In order to choose which gas boiler is better, you need to consider the following parameters:

number of people living in the house;
number of water points;
distance of water intake points from the boiler unit;
cottage area;
rating of gas boilers.

The thermal power of the boiler system is the most important thing you need to know before purchasing. It is calculated using data on the heated area.

For preliminary calculations of the power of the device for a standard room height of up to 3 m, you can use a simple ratio: multiply the heated area by 0.1 kW.

If we choose gas: features of installing a gas boiler

A gas boiler is capable of providing uninterrupted heat supply and hot water supply (double-circuit models) for a private house of any size. Today, this option is the most profitable in terms of operating costs due to the availability and low price of blue fuel. There are other important advantages - easy to use, reliability and high efficiency.

There are no difficulties with installation if this issue is dealt with by specialists who are well acquainted with the requirements of gas services.

You have to choose from floor and wall options. Floor-standing gas boilers are functional, highly efficient, capable of heating large areas and have a long service life. Disadvantages include the need for a separate room to house the boiler and the installation of a chimney.

Floor-standing gas boilers are placed on a pre-prepared, flat and rigid base, controlling the horizontal and vertical position. After fixing the device itself, it is connected to the chimney, and then communications (gas, water, heating, electricity) are supplied.

Wall-mounted modifications are compact in size, high efficiency and affordable. This set of advantages is counterbalanced by modest power, which is not enough to heat large areas.

Installation is not difficult: fastening is carried out using the included brackets with the required load-carrying capacity and reliability. Anchor bolts for fixing the brackets are selected of the appropriate diameter and length.

Next, they organize the removal of combustion products, connect the gas pipeline, water supply, heating branches and, if necessary, the electrical network.

What you need to know about boiler room ventilation?

A working boiler needs oxygen to maintain the combustion process, and it has to be taken from the air. It is also necessary to prevent carbon monoxide from accumulating in the boiler room and entering the house. The influx of fresh air into the boiler room in relation to the outflow is supposed to be three times.

In the boiler room it is necessary to provide supply and exhaust ventilation. For natural ventilation of the boiler room, a channel with a diameter of 13-15 cm is cut in the wall opposite from the boiler with a boiler power of up to 35-40 kW and 17 cm with a higher power. A ventilation pipe equipped with a damper and mesh is inserted into it.

Natural ventilation of the boiler room is easy to do yourself. But it does not allow you to control the inflow and outflow of air; the quality of ventilation depends on weather conditions

If the boiler room is located in a separate room, then the air supply from outside can be provided through louvered grilles installed directly in the entrance door - in its lower part.

The standard for the size of the supply openings is at least 8 cm2 of transverse area per 1 kW of boiler power, if the air draft comes from the street. The boiler room ventilation is also connected to the ventilation system of the entire house. If air comes from inside, the size of the hole must be calculated based on another standard - 30 cm2 per 1 kW.

An alternative to natural ventilation or a complement to it is forced ventilation. To reduce electricity consumption, it is connected to boiler equipment - the fans will rotate only when the boiler is running. In gas and diesel boiler rooms, the ventilation system should be placed in a housing to avoid fire and explosion.

An innovation for those who are interested in the specifics of installing a boiler room in a private home will be automated climate systems. They maintain the specified indoor climate parameters automatically and change them if necessary without human intervention.

Boiler room in an extension with a vertical chimney made of steel using natural draft. A ceramic pipe will be more durable. As an option, you can consider a ceramic chimney in a steel casing. It retains the advantage of durability, but is easier to install

All heating boilers are equipped with an open or closed combustion chamber. For equipment with a closed combustion chamber, there are no restrictions on the volume of premises; the presence of a window is also not necessary.

In the first case, the smoke is discharged outside through natural draft through a vertical chimney. Some of the air from the room goes there, and therefore it is necessary to ensure constant ventilation of the room.

In the second case, combustion products are forcibly removed from the chamber using a fan through a special double chimney - coaxial. In it, one pipe is nested inside another. Smoke moves through the inside, and the air necessary to maintain combustion flows through the outside in the opposite direction.

The length of a conventional vertical chimney is at least 5 meters. Its end must protrude beyond the upper ridge of the roof, and it is not always technically possible to build a through shaft under it

The chimney based on the “pipe-in-pipe” principle is shorter and can be directed horizontally. For both types of chimneys, it is important that the cross-sectional area of the chimney is no less than the cross-sectional area of the pipe to which it is connected. And finally, a few words about the design of the burners

They are atmospheric and supercharged. Devices of the first type are used only in gas boilers. Gas is supplied to them due to the pressure formed in the gas line or cylinder. You can hear the flames burning, there is no other noise

And finally, a few words about the design of the burners. They are atmospheric and supercharged. Devices of the first type are used only in gas boilers. Gas is supplied to them due to the pressure formed in the gas line or cylinder. You can hear the flames burning, but there is no other noise.

In devices of the second type, a fan mixes gas with air to make combustion more even. You have to put up with the fan noise. Boilers with pressurized burners operate on both gas and diesel fuel; they require a chimney of a smaller cross-section.

In a coaxial chimney, air from the street, passing through the pipe, is heated by the internal channel through which combustion products move. The air enters the furnace heated, which reduces fuel consumption and increases equipment efficiency

Additional items

At this point we stop considering the boiler itself - the main reason for re-equipping the building

But there are also some related factors that need to be paid attention to. They also have a number of conditions that must be met.

The main mistake of many cottage owners is often that they concentrate their attention on the dimensions of the room and forget that the inspection may well issue a fine for more prosaic reasons. Next, we will focus on the details that must be taken into account.

Ventilation

The ventilation system is connected to the smoke outlet. This saves space and resources during construction.

The boiler room must be ventilated, even if the dimensions of the gas boiler for a private home are minimal. The limit of three complete indoor air cycles every hour must still be reached. That is, complete air exchange should take place within a time range of 20 minutes.

The only way to avoid such a need is to install electrical equipment.

Chimney

Installed if combustion products are present. All norms are quite standard. The diameter of the chimney itself must exceed the pipe

It is important that the chimney outlet is above the roof. That is, this is the highest point

The internal structure does not matter: brick, metal or modular pipe.

Doors

As already noted, there should be two of them. One leads to a residential building, the second to the street. Street can be almost anything. There are requirements only for dimensions, but this already depends on the opening. The tenant can even make it out of wood.

But a fire-resistant door should lead into the living area, which can easily withstand direct flame for at least 10-20 minutes. Therefore, only one material is suitable for this task - metal.

Operation and Safety

Since the system operating with gas is not safe, in case of any deviations from the norm, you must turn off the equipment and contact the company involved in its repair and maintenance. The fuel supply must be stopped immediately in several cases. These include:

the appearance of a gas smell;
coolant overheating;
power outage;
alarm activation;
violation of the integrity of the pipeline section;
a flame that goes out without shutdown or any other reason;
poor quality ventilation, insufficient draft in the chimney;
changes in sensor readings, which clearly indicate problems in the system;
detection of incorrect operation of the system or control devices, one or more.

To prevent emergency situations, it is recommended to check the electrical cable and its insulation daily. Any defect requires its prompt replacement. The presence of water supply or water containers in the gas boiler room is a prerequisite

Additional precautions include:

purchase of fire extinguishers;
fire alarm installation;
supply of sand and other safe bulk material.

For large boiler houses it is necessary to prepare evacuation plans, however, this requirement, as a rule, does not apply to “gas rooms” serving private houses.

The room for this type of heating equipment is, first of all, designed to ensure the safety of people, so it is not entirely correct to talk about the operating principle of a gas boiler room. It is the equipment that operates in it, and the room only creates optimal conditions for the devices. And for a person protected by its walls from a far from safe type of fuel.

To conclude the topic, there is a popular video, short, succinct and, judging by the reviews, honest:

Boiler design for heating water

The design of the boiler includes elements for heating water, which are divided into the following types:

Located in water (they are called open or wet).
Elements that do not have direct contact with water (they are called closed or dry).

Wet water heating elements are quite familiar to us and resemble tubes placed in a kettle. They are hollow and contain a heating coil. Empty space is usually filled with special magnesium oxide or sand. The substance can be anything, the main thing is that it has high heat conductivity.

Dry water heating elements are separated from contact with water by a special ceramic casing.

This type is considered safer due to the following points:

no scale occurs;
the risk of a short circuit is practically zero;
accidentally turning on the device without liquid does not spoil this type of heating elements so much;
the service life is much longer.

In addition, these elements differ depending on the type of fastening; they are nut and flange. In the second case, pressing occurs with a large number of small bolts.

Project approval

If we compare the costs of installing boiler houses of the same type, then for heating units operating on different energy sources, organizing a boiler house for gas heating will cost the most. This is due to the fact that the project needs to be approved by regulatory authorities, and it is advisable to entrust its development to professionals.

In addition to the project documentation itself, the homeowner must provide the following package of documents:

technical passport of the boiler unit;
sanitary and hygienic conclusion;
certificate of boiler compliance with current requirements;
operating instructions for the selected gas boiler.

Video on the topic:

Chimneys

Chimneys are divided by type of installation:

– External attachments

– Twin, horizontal, that is, coaxial turbocharged

– Internal vertical

– Horizontal chimney

Horizontal chimneys are very easy to implement; you just need to make a hole in the side wall of the boiler room. Such chimneys are made only with forced ventilation of exhaust gases.

Since side winds can disrupt the natural release of gases. The height from the exit pipe from the building to the street floor (ground) should not be less than 2 meters. It is especially problematic to do this in basements, where when exiting through the side wall we do not have enough height from the street floor. The low altitude is fraught with the possibility of snow accumulations in winter, which may prevent exhaust gases from escaping.

It is also not safe; passing gases can pass through people passing by or nearby and poison their breath. Typically, coaxial or turbocharged wall-mounted gas boilers are equipped with a horizontal chimney. In such boilers, the chimney has two pipes (a pipe in a pipe) and there is an additional flow of air for combustion of gases

Vertical chimneys

Vertical chimneys in which the end of the chimney pipe reaches the roof or higher, ventilation occurs naturally, since the warm exhaust gas is lighter than atmospheric air, and as a result of this, there is a force pushing the exhaust gas to the top.

Such chimneys must be thermally insulated to reduce the formation of abundant condensation on the pipe walls. The resulting liquid leads to premature aging of the pipe due to corrosion. Even if you have thermally insulated the pipe, condensation will still accumulate, but much less. A hole must be made at the bottom of each pipe to remove condensate. It is also necessary to provide for cleaning the chimney.

The pipe must be strictly vertical so that gas services can check the pipe for clearance. There may be a pocket at the bottom of the pipe to catch falling sediment. Over time, deposits build up on the pipe walls and these deposits can fall down. And to prevent these deposits from clogging the pipe, it is necessary to make a small pocket at the bottom for the accumulation of debris.

To avoid fires, the chimney pipe should not be touched by flammable materials, at least at a distance of at least 200mm.

The internal diameter of a chimney with a natural smoke outlet must be at least 130mm.

According to the websites: elport.ru, interiorgid.ru, better-house.ru, pro-teplo.info