Mineral wool is a high-quality insulating material that can provide an optimal indoor microclimate. This is achieved due to the fact that its fibers allow air to pass through. The density of mineral wool is an important indicator of its warmth and must be selected taking into account the structural features and expected loads.
When choosing mineral wool, you need to consider its density
Influence of insulation density on performance characteristics
To insulate a room from the outside or inside, an important indicator is the density of the material.
Density affects the following parameters of the material used for wall insulation:
- declared thermal insulation properties;
- quality of sound insulation;
- resistance to deformation;
- installation features under certain work conditions.
For any heat insulator, the rule is: the less it weighs (the lower its density), the more convenient the material is for installation, and therefore more preferable. The density factor of stone wool is assessed by experts with great reservations. Its low thermal conductivity is due to the presence of an air gap between the threads. When this indicator reaches a certain minimum, the material ceases to retain heat.
When evaluating a material, it is always taken into account that the density of mineral wool affects not only its weight, but is also directly related to other performance characteristics.
The best brands of extruded polystyrene foam
TechnoNikol XPS Technoplex
A special feature of the material is that it has a convenient edge for laying, which helps prevent the formation of cold bridges. The insulation is made from nano-sized graphite particles, due to which it has low thermal conductivity and high strength. The density reaches 30 kg/m3. Produced in 50 mm slabs measuring 1180x580 mm.
pros
- absence of formaldehyde;
- moisture resistance;
- no shrinkage during long-term use.
Minuses
- the material is flammable.
Reviews and prices for TechnoNikol XPS Technoplex
Penoplex Comfort
The peculiarity of the insulation is that it can be used in all climatic regions of the Russian Federation. It can last up to 50 years; tight joining of the slabs during installation is ensured by comfortable edges. The density of this material can be from 25 kg/m3. up to 35 kg/m3 Over the years, it does not crumble, deform or sag, completely retaining its original performance properties. Produced in slabs 1185x585 mm. Has a thickness of 5 cm.
pros
- convenient joining edge;
- long service life.
Minuses
- the material breaks easily.
Basic criteria and building standards
The lower the density of mineral wool, the lower the thermal conductivity and the higher the sound insulation.
The thermal transfer resistance of the walls of buildings under construction is regulated by the current standards of SNB 2.04.01 (Chapter 5.1), which provides information for all types of walls and ceilings. In addition, for external fences and coatings, parameters for air and vapor permeability must be calculated. In multilayer protective structures, the materials used are calculated as a single whole, consistent with the main technical indicators.
The selection of products that are supposed to be used to insulate walls is preceded by thermal engineering calculations. Based on their results, the type of material needed and its specific brand are determined. When using synthetic substances (polystyrene or polyethylene), it is taken into account that they are impermeable not only to water, but also to steam. Therefore, when choosing them, it will be necessary to take special measures to create good air exchange in the rooms.
Materials formed into slabs (including glass wool) have special requirements:
- the geometry is chosen so that the corners and edges of the workpieces do not have clearly visible damage and noticeable irregularities;
- the structure of the slabs is dense, the presence of poorly connected fibers and falling out granules is considered completely unacceptable;
- the surfaces on both sides are made rough, or one of them is made with a complex texture.
Fulfillment of the last requirement guarantees good adhesion to insulated walls.
And finally - a flat roof
In order to properly insulate a flat roof, you must follow several important rules:
- For a flat roof, it is very important to lay the material strictly according to the instructions issued by the manufacturer. At first glance, it seems that all construction insulation for a straight roof has the same installation principle. The principle is the same, but the method of gluing is different. Some materials are not compatible with certain adhesives, so the instructions are the main guide for installing the material.
- In order for the insulation to fit tightly onto the base of the roof and its thickness to be sufficient to perform the necessary functions, the roof must first be cleaned.
- In order for the insulation to lay evenly, installation must be carried out by yourself. For glass wool and foam plastic, this is a necessary requirement, since any pressure on the material will deform it and the density will decrease.
Roof insulation is an important and complex process. The comfort and coziness of the room depends on how correctly the material is chosen, its density and properties.
Heat transfer resistance coefficient
When everything is clear about the scope of application of each thermal insulation material, the most effective possible option for this design is determined.
Heat loss through the structural elements of buildings is affected by the thickness of the material used and its heat transfer resistance coefficient - the ability to transmit heat. The lower the thermal conductivity coefficient and the thicker the layer of building material, the better the heat is retained.
To visually represent the required thickness of walls made of a homogeneous material that meets the requirement for heat transfer resistance, we made a calculation that takes into account the thermal characteristics of the building materials used. See the results obtained in the graph:
- Expanded polystyrene
- Mineral wool
- Gas silicate block
- Solid wood
- Expanded clay concrete
- Brick
To choose the most economical option, you should pay attention to the thermal conductivity coefficient of building materials in the thickness of the enclosing structures: external walls, flat or pitched roofs, attic roofs, attic floors, windows, foundations, wooden and concrete floors (see table 2). The lower this indicator, the smaller the thickness of the thermal insulation layer will be required.
Table 2 - thermal conductivity coefficient of building materials
| Name | Density, kg/m3 | Thermal conductivity* λ W/(m °С) under operating conditions**: | |
| A (dry mode) | B (normal mode) | ||
| Construction materials | |||
| Reinforced concrete | 2500 | 1,92 | 2,04 |
| Foam and aerated concrete | 1000-300 | 0,36-0,09 | 0,37-0,10 |
| Foam and gas silicate blocks | 1000-300 | 0,36-0,09 | 0,37-0,10 |
| Ceramic brickwork | 1800 | 0,70 | 0,81 |
| Lime-lime brick masonry | 2000-1600 | 1,36-0,69 | 1,63-0,81 |
| Masonry of hollow ceramic bricks (gross brick density 1400 kg/m3) | 1600 | 0,63 | 0,78 |
| Pine, spruce across (along) the grain | 500 | 0,14 (0,29) | 0,18 (0,35) |
| Regular glass | 2500 | 0.76 | |
| Double-glazed window 32 4M—10—4M—10-4M | 0,47 | ||
| Single-chamber double-glazed window 24 mm 4M—16—4M | 0,32 | ||
| Ruberoid (GOST 10923-82) | 600 | 0.17 | |
| Clay tiles | 1900 | 0.85 | |
| Gypsum plaster | 800 | 0.3 | |
| Insulating plaster | 500 | 0.2 | |
| Steel | 52 | ||
Table 3 - Comparison of thermal conductivity characteristics of insulation materials
| Name | Density, kg/m3 | Thermal conductivity* λ W/(m °С) under operating conditions**: | |
| A (dry mode) | B (normal mode) | ||
| Extruded polystyrene foam | 26-60 | 0,034-0,036 | 0,034-0,036 |
| Polyurethane foam | 80-40 | 0,05-0,04 | 0,05-0,04 |
| Stitched mineral wool mats | 125-50 | 0,046-0,042 | 0,051-0,045 |
| Mineral wool slabs with synthetic binder | 250-75 | 0,061-0,047 | 0,069-0,051 |
| Slab polystyrene (foam) | 50 | 0,043 | 0,052 |
| 35 | 0,041 | 0,05 | |
| 25 | 0,043 | 0,052 | |
| 15 | 0,045 | 0,054 | |
| Polystyrene concrete slabs | 300-230 | 0,092-0,075 | 0,10-0,085 |
| Expanded clay | 800-200 | 0,21-0,11 | 0,23-0,12 |
| Ecowool | 35-60 | 0.032-0.041 | |
*coefficient values were taken from Appendix A of TKP 45-2.04-43-2006, technical characteristics from thermal insulation manufacturers;
**in residential buildings, external enclosing structures refer to operating conditions B, and internal walls, partitions, attic and basement floors - to operating conditions A.
How to determine what thickness of insulation is required?
If the choice of insulation is certain, then the question will inevitably arise - what thickness of thermal insulation should be made to ensure comfortable conditions in the attic. We will need to make a small calculation, and a convenient online calculator will help us with this.
The calculation is not particularly complicated. The algorithm is based on the fact that the thermal insulation system being created must create a total resistance to heat transfer no less than that established by the standards for a particular region, taking into account its climatic characteristics. You can find out the normalized thermal resistance from the attached diagram map. Please note that in this case we are interested in the red numbers - for coatings. This figure in the “three” is always the largest.
Diagram map for determining the value of normalized heat transfer resistance
The second quantity required for calculation is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulating material. The operational values of these coefficients for insulation materials discussed in this publication have already been entered into the calculator database.
If desired, you can also take into account the lining of the attic space, if it is solid. The materials of such cladding also have certain thermal insulation qualities. And this can, although not particularly large, still reduce the required thickness of the insulation. However, this item is optional, and if the skin is not taken into account, simply leave its thickness at the default value of 0 mm.
The final result will be shown in millimeters. All that remains is to bring it to the standard thickness of the selected insulation, rounded up. For example, it turned out to be 132 mm. You can use two-layer insulation with slabs 100 and 40 mm thick, or use slabs 150 mm thick. Here you can already choose for reasons of economy one or another possible option and according to the planned insulation installation scheme.
Calculator for calculating the minimum thickness of insulation for a pitched roof
Go to calculations
Enter or specify the requested parameters and click “CALCULATE MINIMUM INSULATION THICKNESS” What insulation will be used? - glass wool - basalt wool - white polystyrene, unsalted - extruded polystyrene foam, type Penoplex - sprayed polyurethane foam - sprayed ecowool - ecowool - cavity filling - PIR boards Determine from the diagram map and indicate the value of the required heat transfer resistance for coatings Indicate the parameters of the material for the inner lining of the attic premises Internal cladding (finishing) material - board or natural lining - plywood - OSB sheets - lining or MDF panels - natural cork - chipboard slabs or fiberboard sheets - plasterboard - gypsum fiber sheets GVL Sheathing thickness, mm (finishing) 1000 - to convert to meters windage.
Classification of mineral wool by density
The market is filled with offers from domestic and foreign manufacturers. To systematize hundreds of items, below is a list of materials produced in Russia that differ according to the criterion under consideration, as well as some recommendations for use.
P-75
The density of this brand of insulation is 75 kg/m3. A low indicator allows the use of wool only in lightly loaded surfaces, including horizontal ones (attic floors, pitched roofs). The material is more popular in the oil and energy industries - it is used to wrap pipes of heating plants, as well as joints of gas and oil pipelines.
There are insulation materials of lower density (15, 25, 40 kg/m3), but they are practically not used, because they lose their shape and properties even with minimal load.
P-125
The density of this mineral wool is 125 kg/m3. The material is good for covering ceilings, floors, walls, partitions, frame buildings in a temperate climate zone. In addition to decent thermal insulation properties, it perfectly suppresses extraneous noise.
PZh-175
Material of increased rigidity (this is reflected in the name). It is used for cladding walls or ceilings made of metal, reinforced concrete, concrete, brick.
PZh-200
It also has increased density (200 kg/m3), rigidity and is used in the same situations as the previous one. There is one advantage over the previously mentioned one - PZh-200 serves as additional fire protection.
Mineral wool slabs with a density of 75 to 200 kg/m3, described above, are quite sufficient for insulating any premises of a private or apartment building. However, on the market you can find unfamiliar markings for products manufactured abroad.
Classification of mineral wool produced in other countries:
- VL, TL (suitable for structures with a maximum load of 8 and 12 kN/m2, respectively);
- EL, ELD, ELUS (good for insulating concrete elements, maximum permissible load - 5 kN/m2);
- IM, IMP (rafters, floor structures, foundation);
- AKL, KKL (high-rigidity materials used for thermal insulation of pitched roofs);
- TKL (flat roof thermal insulation);
- VIL (reminiscent of AKL and KKL, but has cut corners; used if the roof needs to be sloped);
- TSL, VUL, IRL (thin slabs, used for wind protection of light structures - walls or rafters);
- ILP (pressed between elements of concrete, brick, metal buildings);
- A, IL (classic mineral wool boards used for wall insulation; recommended for areas where space for material is limited).
The specific density of the insulation is not indicated, since in terms of compatibility with various structures it is not difficult to compare its indicator with its domestic counterpart.
Calculation of the amount of material for roof insulation
Flat roof insulation scheme
In order to calculate the area of insulation, you need to know some features of its installation. To achieve high-quality roof insulation and facilitate installation, the material is laid spaced between the rafters so that it is 10-15 mm wider than their pitch. If for some reason this cannot be done, it is necessary to seal the gaps. To do this, you need to cut out such an element from another slab so that it can be installed directly between the slab and the rafters. In order to carry out installation, you will need:
- measuring tape;
- construction knife;
- a wooden block to cut the insulation evenly and safely if necessary.
To achieve high-quality roof insulation and facilitate installation, the material is laid spaced between the rafters so that it is 10-15 mm wider than their pitch.
The calculation must be carried out in accordance with the specifics indicated above, as well as the characteristics of your rafter system. To avoid unnecessary expenses, it is advisable to immediately decide on the brand of insulation - then its dimensions will be known. Then, in accordance with the distance between the two rafters and their length, make simple calculations and determine the amount of thermal insulation that is necessary to cover one such span. This will help you save on roof insulation if you have to cut additional slabs if the material size is insufficient.
Let's assume that we have the following conditions:
- the distance between the rafters is standard and is 0.6 meters;
- roof slope length 4 meters;
- width 6.55 meters;
- the standard section of the rafter leg is 50*150 mm, then there will be 6.55-0.05*11=10 such spans;
- the dimensions of the insulation board are 1170 x 610 x 100 mm (pack of 10 boards);
- thermal insulation thickness 200 mm.
Then for the length of one span it will be necessary: 4/1.17 = 3.41 slabs, while 1.17 * 4-4 = 0.68 meters will have to be cut from one. This piece can be used when laying the second layer of insulation, because its thickness is 100 mm, and we need a layer of 200 mm. In this case, we will be left with a small piece 0.68-(4-1.17*3)=0.19 meters long. As a result, we will need 7 such slabs for one span. For 10 spans, respectively, 7 * 10 = 70 slabs, or 7 packages. If the roof is also gable, then twice as much - 14 packs. Moreover, for each span we have a segment 0.19 meters long, i.e.
Classification of insulation by density level
Usually everyone remembers school physics and associates the density of insulation with weight and mass.
The heavier the better, but this does not always follow true, depending on what factors and what operating conditions.
The choice of insulation directly depends on the budget, as paradoxical as it may sound, and of course the load on the structure as a whole or on a specific element.
Based on the density of the material, the following classification is distinguished:
Extra light
These include polystyrene foam (expanded polystyrene), which has a porous structure.
Designed for insulation in the cavities of walls, partitions, and for unloaded elements of the house.
Lungs
These are insulation materials based on mineral wool. They have a low thermal conductivity coefficient. Widely used in the construction of private houses and cottages.
Average
These types usually include foam glass. It is in the form of blocks and slabs, with high thermal insulation and sound insulation properties. It is not widespread in Russia.
Dense or hard
They also contain mineral wool, tightly pressed under high pressure. This type of insulation is used for outdoor work and is resistant to moisture and mechanical stress.
A little about flammability and service life
There is no need to worry about the environmental friendliness of mineral wool. It is made from natural materials.
At the same time, many are worried about the service life, as well as the likelihood of fire. It's still cotton wool. And people perceive cotton wool as something flammable. In fact, in vain.
The flammability indicator can be considered a source of pride for the manufacturer. Most types of mineral wool belong to the NG class. That is, non-flammable. This means that the layer is capable of heating to a temperature of 600-650 degrees Celsius.
There are also 2 types of mineral wool, which have a flammability group of G1. That is, these are low-flammable materials. These are rigid boards with a density of 175-225 kg/m3 with a temperature limit of 100 degrees Celsius, as well as products with a foil layer.
All other types have a flammability class of NG. They can be exposed to temperatures ranging from 400 to 700 degrees Celsius. Depends on the specific type, density, as well as thermal conductivity indicators.
Now about the duration of operation. If we talk about a material such as mineral wool, its service life will be 50-70 years. But only if the installation is done correctly. Then you can safely count on such a service life.
How to choose the right insulation?
When choosing insulation, you need to pay attention to: affordability, scope of application, expert opinion and technical characteristics, which are the most important criterion.
Basic requirements for thermal insulation materials:
- Thermal conductivity.
Thermal conductivity refers to the ability of a material to transfer heat. This property is characterized by the coefficient of thermal conductivity, on the basis of which the required thickness of the insulation is taken. Thermal insulation material with low thermal conductivity is the best choice.
Also, thermal conductivity is closely related to the concepts of density and thickness of insulation, so when choosing, you need to pay attention to these factors. The thermal conductivity of the same material can vary depending on density.
Density insulation material. Based on density, materials are divided into: extra light, light, medium, dense (hard). Lightweight materials include porous materials suitable for insulating walls, partitions, and ceilings. Thick insulation materials are better suited for insulating the outside.
The lower the density of the insulation, the lower the weight, and the higher the thermal conductivity. This is an indicator of the quality of insulation. And the low weight makes installation and installation easy. In the course of experimental studies, it was found that insulation with a density of 8 to 35 kg/m³ best retains heat and is suitable for insulating vertical structures indoors.
How does thermal conductivity depend on thickness ? There is a misconception that thick insulation will better retain heat indoors. This leads to unnecessary expenses. Too much insulation thickness can lead to disruption of natural ventilation and the room will be too stuffy.
Frequent errors that occur during installation
Lack of proper insulation installation technology can lead to the following negative consequences:
- The formation of “cold bridges” occurs when the integrity of the “roofing pie” is violated (for example, the cracks between the insulation are not sealed with moisture-resistant mastic),
- The formation of many icicles on the eaves in winter - this is caused by the penetration of warm air from the room through the roof of a private house, which leads to melting of snow,
- An increase in heat loss occurs when installing thermal insulation in a damp state or when carrying out work in a damp environment.
There are many materials on the market for insulating the roofs of a private house. The correct choice of insulation will ensure a comfortable temperature in the house, the absence of toxic emissions, reduced heating costs in winter and air conditioning in summer.
Advantages and disadvantages of insulation
- Polyurethane foam – by far the most effective insulation.
Types of polyurethane foam
Advantages: seamless foam installation, durability, better heat and water insulation.
Disadvantages: high cost of material, instability to UV radiation.
- Expanded polystyrene (foam) – in demand for use as insulation for various types of premises.
Advantages: low thermal conductivity, low cost, ease of installation, water resistance.
Disadvantages: fragility, easy flammability, condensation.
- Extruded polystyrene foam is a durable and convenient material; if necessary, elements of the required size can be easily cut with a knife.
Advantages: very low thermal conductivity, water resistance, compressive strength, ease of installation, absence of mold and rot, ability to operate from -50⸰С to +75⸰С .
Disadvantages: much more expensive than polystyrene foam, susceptibility to organic solvents, condensation formation.
- Basalt (stone) wool – mineral wool made on a basalt base.
Advantages: resistance to the formation of fungi, sound insulation, mechanical strength, fire resistance, non-flammability.
Disadvantages: higher cost compared to analogues.
- Ecowool is insulation made from natural materials (wood fibers and minerals). Today it is used quite often.
Advantages: sound insulation, environmental friendliness, moisture resistance, affordable cost.
Disadvantages: thermal conductivity increases during operation, the need for special equipment for installation, and the possibility of shrinkage.
- Isolon is a modern insulation made by foaming polyethylene. It is one of the most popular.
Advantages: low thermal conductivity, low vapor permeability, high noise insulation, ease of cutting and installation, environmental friendliness, flexibility, light weight.
Disadvantages: low strength, need for a ventilation gap.
- Penofol - insulation that meets many requirements for the quality of insulation and insulation of various premises, as well as structures, etc.
Advantages: environmental friendliness, high ability to reflect heat, high noise insulation, moisture resistance, non-flammability, ease of transportation and installation, reflection of radiation exposure.
Disadvantages: low rigidity, difficulty in fastening the material; penofol alone is not enough as thermal insulation.
Manufacturer Rockwool
Danish rockwool insulation for roofing occupies a leading position in the Russian sales market. Today there are three directions of the company, but we will focus only on insulation for flat roofs.
Rockwool - roofing insulation
It consists of mineral wool slabs made of basalt rock. Area of application: multilayer structures. The task is thermal insulation of flat roofs.
It is also possible to use cement-free roofing screed material. However, not all products of this brand can effectively insulate a roof. After all, the range is represented by universal and special plates.
- Rockwool Roof Butts designates the bottom layer with the letter H, the top layer with the letter B, and the universal one has no letter designation.
- Rockwool Cut-to-falls Roof Slab and Rockwool Underlao Roof Slab are used as the bottom layer in a multilayer structure.
Advice . In places where there is no required roof slope, Cut-to-falls Roof Slab is usually used.
- Rockwool TF-Board is used in single-layer or top-layer constructions. You can use the material as insulation against condensation in a roof with corrugated sheets.
- Hardrock 50/100/120/180 – slabs have different thicknesses. They are used for both single-ply roofs and top balls. The advantages include waterproof and water-repellent properties.
All products of the above-mentioned company have good characteristics and long service life. They are easy to use during installation, thanks to zero coefficients of linear expansion and shrinkage.
Rating of the best insulation for home
| Nomination | place | Name of product | price |
| The best basalt insulation | 1 | Rockwool | 695 ₽ |
| 2 | Hotrock Smart | 302 ₽ | |
| The best polystyrene foam insulation | 1 | Technicol XPS Technoplex | 1 100 ₽ |
| 2 | Penoplex Comfort | 980 ₽ | |
| The best foam insulation | 1 | Knauf Therm House | 890 ₽ |
| 2 | PSB S 15-O | 1 688 ₽ | |
| The best fiberglass insulation | 1 | Isover Warm House | 660 ₽ |
| 2 | Ursa Geo | 800 ₽ | |
| The best polyester fiber insulation | 1 | Shelter EcoStroy ShES Arctic | 1 780 ₽ |
Mineral wool for thermal insulation of a house:
General characteristics of the material
Mineral wool differences
- Glass wool
- Slag
- Stone
Pros and cons of such thermal insulation
What to look for when purchasing
- Two more selection criteria
Instructions for proper insulation
- Basic installation mistakes
- How to insulate a house from the inside
- Video on insulating a frame structure
Mineral wool for wall insulation consists of randomly intertwined fibers. There are several types of it: stone, glass, slag. The first option is considered the best option. It is used in houses where the long service life of the structure and its other qualities are important. Let's talk in more detail about the features of the material and how suitable it is for thermal insulation of buildings.
Using wool of different densities for insulation
The choice of insulation according to the indicator under consideration depends on the place of its use. It is not always necessary to overpay in order to get the desired result. Most often, the facade, walls, roof and floor are insulated. These are the options that are worth considering.
Regardless of density, the material must be protected from moisture
Facade
When selecting insulation for a facade, you need to pay attention to the mass and density of mineral wool. For most buildings, weighting is very undesirable. It is also worth paying attention to the possibility of subsequent finishing, because this indicator also affects this. So:
- If the facade is equipped with a ventilated one, then a sufficient density is 45-100 kg m³. Here the cotton wool is laid into the sheathing and there will be virtually no stress. The main tasks for this type are to maintain its shape and not sag under its own weight, and the indicated indicator is enough for this.
- If the facade will be plastered over insulation, then the density should be above 100 kg m³, optimally from 145 to 165. This will allow the use of any types of plaster mixtures, including bark beetle, barenkom and even mosaics. Since this mineral wool will have to withstand heavy loads during installation, it must be securely fastened; for this, a system with dowels is used in combination with adhesive fastening.
Wall insulation
In this case, the selection is made based on ease of installation, that is, the density should be at least 30-45 kg m³. In this case, you need to insulate from the inside; MDF boards or drywall should be screwed onto the material on top. In order to mount such mineral wool, you need a lathing; rolls or sheets are placed in it.
Roof
Since roof insulation work is carried out at heights, the main criteria when selecting mineral wool are light weight and ease of use. Material with a density of 30-35 kg m³ can be pleased with these qualities. Its sound and heat insulation properties will be excellent, and at the same time light weight. Installation can be carried out using two methods:
- Using a construction stapler.
- In the lathing with a vapor barrier closure.
Brief description of the material
Cotton wool for wall insulation is the optimal price-quality ratio when creating comfortable living conditions. It consists of a large number of fibers that are obtained by specific processing. They can be made of glass, slag, stone. The density of any mineral wool, measured in kg per m3, also depends on the material of manufacture. Insulation has a number of advantages, including:
- Easy to install. Mineral wool can be presented in the form of a roll or slabs that hold their shape.
- The light weight of the material allows it to be used for floors without weighing them down.
- Convenience of subsequent finishing. This indicator depends, among other things, on the density of the insulation.
- Environmentally friendly - mineral wool is created from natural materials, which allows it to be completely safe.
- The material is a good sound insulator.
- Non-flammable - it melts but does not burn.
There are also disadvantages and they should be taken into account when insulating with mineral wool:
- Glass and slag wool are very prickly, this must be taken into account during the installation process. Stone wool is practically free from this drawback.
- The material, together with air, allows moisture to pass through, which leads to its loss of its technical characteristics. To avoid this, it is necessary to isolate the insulation from moisture.
- To purchase high-density mineral wool, you will have to spend a lot of money, but the result will exceed expectations.
Insulation structure with different densities
Recommendations for thickness and density of mineral wool
Various types of rigid mineral wool for facades are produced in the form of rolls or slabs with dimensions of 60x120, 60x100 or 50x100 cm, and the thickness of the product depends on its type and basic properties. Manufacturers produce products with material thicknesses ranging from 50 to 200 mm, while slabs with a thickness of 10 cm are most widely used in practice.
When choosing the thickness and density of slabs and rolls of rigid mineral wool for the facade, users use the information contained in the technical characteristics of the insulation, while builders carry out complex calculations on the weight of the rigidity and the durability of the material. Among the manufacturers' recommendations regarding the scope of application of rigid mineral wool, depending on its specific gravity, the following should be highlighted:
- the use of insulation having a density of about 35 kg/m3 is recommended when performing interior work and sound insulation on inclined, vertical unloaded enclosing structures, pitched roofs and floor finishing when using laminate flooring, solid boards, etc.;
- the use of insulation with parameters up to 75 kg/m3 (P75) is acceptable when finishing the ceiling, walls, floor and interior partitions;
- the use of mineral wool with a specific gravity of up to 100 kg/m3 is allowed when working with ventilated air gaps and external enclosing structures;
- when arranging facades and ventilated facade systems, it is recommended to use insulation, the density of mineral wool for the facade is 80–130 kg/m3 (P125);
- the use of insulation, the specific gravity of which is up to 150 kg/m3, is recommended when installing the bottom layer of thermal insulation in reinforced concrete structures;
- when finishing a “wet” facade, rigid mineral wool is used, the density of which ranges from 130-160 kg/m3, the strength of this material ensures reliability in bearing the weight of the applied plaster solution;
- the use of insulation having a specific gravity of up to 175 kg/m3 (P175) is practiced when making the main layer of thermal insulation for concrete structures;
- The use of mineral wool, which has increased rigidity (PPZh200) and a density of up to 200 kg/m3, is recommended when making the top layer of coatings when performing thermal insulation of floors under screed.
What it is?
The density of mineral wool is the number of fibers of the material per 1 m³. The indicator, depending on the material and brand used for the manufacture of mineral wool, will be in the range of 30-220 kg per m³. A number of properties that characterize it:
- The ability to preserve its original form.
- Ability to withstand static and dynamic loads.
- Compression resistance, that is, the ability to withstand mechanical influence.
- Method, place of application. How exactly the mineral wool will be installed greatly influences the choice.
Naturally, the denser the material, the more raw materials are used in production, and this affects the price.
Stamps
At the moment there is the following classification:
- P-75 is an insulation material that is used for horizontal surfaces that are unloaded, that is, 1- or 2-story buildings. This material has the lowest density.
- P-125 - this can be used for floors and ceilings; it is successfully used in insulating frame structures. At the same time, the weight of the structure should be lightweight. The density is low, so this brand is not able to withstand loads.
- P-175 are rigid slabs, they can be successfully used for screeds.
- PPZh-200 – slabs of increased rigidity. Their weight and density are maximum. In addition to insulation, it increases the fire-resistant properties of the structure.
Density does not depend on shape and thickness
Note! It is the density of glass, slag, and stone wool that is the indicator that influences resistance to deformation under its own weight. It prevents the material from bending under pressure and additional loads.
Compacting the slab has no effect on:
- Vapor permeability.
- Noise absorption.
- Thermal insulation properties.
- The thickness of the material, regardless of the form of its release (rolls, slabs).
To determine density, the material weight of 1 m³ is used. When choosing, you don’t always need to buy the densest cotton wool. To make the right choice, you need to take into account the characteristics of the room in which it will be installed.
Rules for installing mineral wool slabs
Preparation for installing mineral wool slabs or rolls includes a number of procedures, among which the following should be highlighted:
- Cleaning surfaces from traces of mold using a construction spatula, if necessary, treating the surface with an antiseptic.
- Sealing of holes and cracks, carried out using cement mortar, sealing of deep voids with the help of polyurethane foam and tow.
- Treatment with antiseptic agents and primer, it is important to maintain the recommended time between applying different layers so that each of them has time to dry.
- At the last stage of preparation, the flatness of the surface is ensured, which is necessary for a tight fit of frameless insulation to it.
- After completion of preparation, an adhesive solution for fastening rolls applied in a spot manner ensures the creation of an air gap.
- Starting from the top of the wall in a horizontal direction, using a furniture stapler or double-sided tape, install the vapor barrier film to the frame.
- After this, the joints are glued using construction tape or mounting tape.
- Then the sheathing is carried out using slats having a width of about 1.5–2.5 cm, which is necessary to create a ventilation gap between the inner lining and the vapor barrier layer.
- At the next stage, the required length of the rigid mineral wool , taking into account a tolerance of 10 cm, and its installation on the surface of the facade by pressing the brackets on the frame with the bent ears, ensuring reliable fixation of the insulation in a vertical position.
- At the last stage of installation, the final finishing is carried out, for example, profiles are installed and sheets are installed, made of plasterboard or plaster is applied.
Note! Builders consider it more preferable than using material in rolls to use rigid mineral wool slabs for finishing vertical surfaces. This is due to the lack of rolling of the insulation, however, before installing it, it is recommended to first install the strips in a horizontal direction to reduce their weight.
Roofing classics - mineral wool
By mineral wool, people most often mean:
The latter is highly not recommended. The maximum where you can use insulation from waste from the metallurgical industry is not residential buildings of enterprises.
Stone wool is used for residential premises. Although it contains resins such as formaldehyde, their percentage is still insignificant, and moreover, it has undergone a polymerization process. This means that the resin has settled and is now in a solid state with a closed molecular structure.
For flat roofs, as already mentioned at the beginning, rigid mineral wool slabs with a density of 140-160 kg/m³ are used.
To insulate a pitched roof, soft slabs are inserted between the rafters, trimming them. The same slabs are inserted between the joists and covered with a protective coating on top in case of overlap. Mineral wool is most often used for roof insulation. This is due to its “breathable” structure. The fact is that any wooden structure must be well ventilated. And if polymer insulation is adjacent to it, this procedure becomes much more complicated. That's why they use cotton wool. In addition, cotton wool is a non-flammable material. Being in its essence a semblance of volcanic lava, cotton wool does not burn, it only melts, and even then at a huge temperature - above 1500 degrees.
However, the insulator is not without its disadvantages. It is associated with poor resistance to moisture. For example, if a cotton slab has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.036 W/m3 K, then when wet, this indicator can actually change by 2 times! And, as you know, the roof is a place where leaks can happen. In practice, this means that you will have to replace a section of thermal insulation that has become wet.
Over time, the mineral wool also crumbles, forming dust that can enter the room. Some people don’t like this material precisely for this feature.
The trick is “slabs in rolls”
Manufacturers are increasingly trying to simplify the installation of insulation. Nowadays, you can increasingly find a mineral wool form factor, which is called “slabs in a roll.” This material has sufficient density to fit well in the frame. In this case, it is enough to fix the roll in the upper part, between the rafters and roll it out at the bottom. For example, about Izover Profi, it is even stated that it does not need to be trimmed (it is clear that we are talking about a not very significant change in the width between the rafters), but simply press it in and the wool will take the desired shape. It is more convenient to use such rolls than to insulate using slabs. Installing slabs takes longer.
When deciding how to insulate the roof of a house, most owners or developers choose mineral wool
Properties of fiberglass and foam concrete
Fiberglass insulation has almost the same characteristics as mineral wool. These two materials have only two important differences:
- water absorption of mineral wool is much greater than that of ordinary wool;
- low resistance to high temperatures.
Scheme of roof insulation with foam concrete.
The positive aspects of using materials include:
- lightness of the material;
- low sound absorption.
Insulation methods
Reducing heat loss depends on the correct selection of material, as well as its location on the building. There are several methods for insulating walls, which differ in their properties, having both advantages and disadvantages.
There are the following methods for wall insulation:
- Wall. It is an ordinary brick partition with a SniPov thickness of 40 cm.
- Multilayer insulation. It consists of wall cladding on both sides. This is done only at the time of construction of the structure, otherwise it will be necessary to dismantle part of the wall.
- External insulation. The most common method is to insulate the outside of the wall, after which a layer of finishing is applied. One of the disadvantages of this method is the need for additional hydro- and vapor barrier.
Polyurethane foam for roof insulation
I would like to dwell on one more insulation material, which today is often used for thermal insulation of roofing structures. It is applied by spraying in the form of foam, which polymerizes into a durable mass under the influence of air. A seamless surface is formed on the surface of the processed parts and assemblies, one hundred percent sealed.
It should be noted that the density of polyurethane foam varies over a very wide range: 8-100 kg/m³. So which one is intended for which building structures?
- From 8 to 20 kg/m³ - this is the material that is used for internal insulation and sound insulation. This is an open-cell mass with low mechanical protection that absorbs moisture well.
- 20-25 kg/m³ . Here the situation is this: 50% of the cells are closed, 50% are open. This type of polyurethane foam is used for both external and internal insulation. A mandatory requirement is protection from precipitation.
- Density from 30 to 35 . All pores are closed, which reduces water absorption to a minimum. But such material does not tolerate mechanical loads. Although it is recommended to use it for thermal insulation of foundations for backfilling with soil.
Insulation of the foundation with polyurethane foam Source ppu-perm-master.ru
- 40-45. A material of this density can be used to insulate deep foundation structures.
- 60-70 kg/m³ . Polyurethane foam of this density can be laid under screeds. That is, the density of the material allows it to withstand significant loads. If we talk about the insulation of flat roofs, especially those in use, then this option can be considered ideal.
- 100-110 kg per 1 m³ . This is the most optimal option when the task is to insulate building structures subject to significant mechanical loads.
So, let’s summarize and decide which of the above options is suitable for insulating roof structures. Optimally, it is polyurethane foam with a density of 40 to 60 kg/m³.
The video shows how polyurethane foam is applied from the inside to the roof of an attic space:
Which roof insulation is best?
Manufacturers produce a wide variety of this material. They all differ in their characteristics, quality and cost. Let's focus on the main ones:
- Styrene materials, which include polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam. They are lightweight, easy to install, convenient in size, moisture-resistant, and durable.
- Glass wool or mineral wool. The main advantages are low cost and fire safety. But the disadvantages include excessive absorbency of cotton wool, which negatively affects its density and service life. Its negative effect on the human body has been established.
- Expanded clay, slag, sand, sawdust. They belong to the category of environmentally friendly materials. But they are used only for flat roofs and are mounted exclusively on top. The insulation capabilities of such material are insufficient. Negative aspects include their friability and moisture absorption.
Roof insulation with expanded clay - Polyurethane liquid insulation. Currently very popular. They have many advantages, including significant density.
Polyurethane - Cellulose. A new trend in construction. Its density is good. Thanks to fire retardant additives, it is considered fire resistant. But such insulation can negatively affect the health of residents, so it is not recommended to insulate the roof of residential premises with it.
To select the right material, you need to consider the following points:
- its weight should be insignificant so as not to additionally load the roof;
- mandatory environmental cleanliness, since under constant exposure to the sun, volatile chemicals enter the premises, causing harm to people;
- the optimal service life of the insulation is about 50 years, with maximum preservation of all its qualities;
- the presence of such qualities as heat resistance, moisture resistance, noise absorption.
The design of roofs is of great importance. For flat ones, styrene and environmentally friendly materials are suitable, for pitched ones - cotton wool. For such work, combined options can be used. Such insulation is fastened using a stapler or construction tape.
Attention! Roofs on residential buildings are insulated in one or two layers, and baths and saunas in three or four. Metal roofs require higher density insulation than tile roofs.
Stone wool - from what, how, in what form
A universal thermal insulation material made from rocks predominantly of the gabbro-basalt group (a product of volcanic eruptions), which is why stone wool is often called basalt. This group of rocks is characterized not only by strength, but also by a high melting point, which determines the choice of manufacturers. The rock is melted at a temperature of more than one and a half thousand degrees, and the finest fibers are pulled out of the melt.
Stone wool has a layered structure, with a random arrangement of fibers, which contributes to the formation of more air pores.
Derivatives of phenol-formaldehyde resin are most often used as a binder that transforms individual fibers into a single, elastic and durable fabric. These substances are considered the most stable and durable. As for safety, the additives are contained within the amount allowed by regulations, which makes them absolutely safe for both humans and the environment. This is confirmed by numerous studies and tests.
Andrey PetrovHead of the ROCKWOOL Design Center
This insulation is one of the few building materials with a positive environmental balance. That is, it helps save more energy than was expended in its production, and theoretically can be endlessly recycled after the end of its service life.
Stone wool is available in several forms:
- Plates of various thicknesses and hardness.
- Rolls.
- Specific products - insulation in the form of cylinders with seam or lock joints for pipelines and chimneys, laminated mats.
Foam thickness
The thickness of foam insulation has already been discussed in previous articles in our series. We have shown that the minimum thickness of insulation in the first temperature zone of Ukraine, which includes Kyiv, is determined by DBN V.2.6-31:2006 “Thermal insulation budivel”, and is equal to 10 cm.
Insulation of a smaller thickness, for example, 5 centimeters, as various teams of “professionals” often suggest, is practically useless to use. In the article “What is the minimum permissible thickness of foam plastic when insulating houses,” it is mathematically proven that only with a foam plastic thickness of 100 mm does the expected insulation effect occur, and with 140 mm, heat loss through external walls is reduced to zero.
Choosing foam concrete correctly - selection criteria
2. Price matters too. On average, for the D800 brand it is about $80 per cubic meter. If the material is much cheaper, you should think about it - this may affect the quality.
3. Carefully inspect the blocks - they should not be pure and bright white. Technology will not allow this. Normally, foam concrete should be greyish, slightly lighter or darker, and uneven coloring of the surface is not allowed.
An example of improperly organized storage of foam blocks; they are not covered with anything on top and it is already clear that they have absorbed moisture from the damp earth.
Technology of wall insulation with basalt
Inside with sheathing
Refers to the simplest option for insulating a private home and industrial structures. The essence of the method is to create a sheathing frame. Assembly is made from wooden beams or metal profiles. The width of the mats is first measured and, subtracting 5-7 cm from the obtained values, the sheathing is assembled.
Next, mineral wool is tightly inserted into the cells of the frame, filling the entire space. A vapor barrier membrane must be attached on top of the insulation.
Lathing
Insulation of walls using the “well” method
If the house design involves laying facing bricks, then the best insulation option would be “well”.
Consider the composition of the “well” pie:
- Bearing wall. As a rule, it is brickwork laid out in one row. Although other materials are also used for load-bearing structures. Depending on the required load-bearing capacity, the walls are laid out in half a brick, a brick and a half or two.
- Insulation. In this case, basalt wool is used. Fastening to the surface is done using umbrella dowels.
- Facing wall. Masonry begins after complete installation of the insulation or as the inner layer builds up. Ceramic or silicate brick is used as the outer layer. The usual installation method is half a brick. A prerequisite for laying facing bricks is the presence of a concrete base.
- Ventilation gap. Since the appearance of condensation on the inside of the insulation is undesirable, a ventilation gap is created for this purpose to ensure sufficient ventilation.
Well method
Attention! If for some reason it is not possible to create a ventilation gap, then it is better to abandon the well method of insulation altogether. This applies to mineral wool.
Wet insulation of walls
The method is used for plastering, because with the “wet” method of insulation, lathing is not provided. Since a high load will be applied to the mineral wool, it is recommended to use high-density mineral wool.
Wet method
Basalt wool fastening technology:
- Following the instructions supplied by the manufacturer on bags of glue, we prepare a liquid solution.
- Apply the prepared mixture onto the mineral coating with a notched trowel. The glue is applied in a continuous layer without coating the end part, which can lead to a decrease in the level of thermal insulation.
- We install mineral mats on the basement of the building and press them against the wall. To increase adhesion, it is necessary to smooth the surface using pressing movements, applying little force. Installation of basalt wool is done from bottom to top. The next row is laid with an offset of half the mat. The same applies to places near window and door openings.
- External and internal corners are reinforced with plaster corner plates.
- We fix the mineral wool with umbrella dowels - 5 fasteners per sheet.
- Using an adhesive solution, we attach the reinforced fiberglass mesh. Make sure that the material overlaps each other by 15-20 cm.
- At the final stage, plastering is carried out.
Frameless method of insulation from the inside
The frameless installation method refers to the wet fastening method. To complete this task you will need an adhesive solution and a cleaned wall surface. The mortar is applied directly to the wall using a notched trowel. Next, a mat of stone wool is applied. To improve the quality of adhesion, umbrella fasteners or self-tapping screws are used, depending on the type of coating.
Installation of mineral wool on a ventilated facade
This method requires the assembly of the sheathing, as it involves the installation of facing material.
Ventilated facade
Warming process:
- The sheathing structure is assembled taking into account the width of the mats.
- Mineral mats are laid at random.
- Next we move on to attaching the windproof membrane.
- For further fastening of the cladding, a counter-lattice is assembled from 50x50 mm slats.
At the final stage, façade finishing work is carried out.
Insulation of the wall of a frame house
Thermal insulation of a frame house differs in that it involves the installation of slabs inside the walls, and on the inside and outside of the building. As a rule, manufacturers of frame buildings create walls with a thickness of about 15 cm, which allows you to place 3 mats of 5 cm each. It is also possible to combine wool of different thicknesses - 10 cm and 5 cm. If it is necessary to carry out finishing work on the facade of the building, lathing is assembled on top of the insulation.
Thermal insulation of a frame building
Thermal insulation technology for pitched roofs
Thermal insulation of a pitched roof
So, how to properly insulate a pitched roof:
As you can see, insulating a pitched roof is not the most difficult process, so it’s possible to do it with your own hands even for a person far from the construction industry.
Construction of a pitched roof with insulation
Insulation of a gable roof
There are two possible situations here:
- The roof is already covered with roofing material.
- Not covered yet.
Let's start with the second case, because it is simpler.
Laying waterproofing on rafters
If polyurethane foam is chosen as the thermal insulation material, then all work from the inside of the attic is reduced to applying foam to the pitched plane of the roof structure. The main task is the uniformity of the applied material.
I would like to draw your attention to the fact that ecowool is installed using wet and dry technology. The first is when water is added to the material
In the case of insulation of pitched roofs, dry technology is used.
Filling ecowool into the space between two films
Thermal insulation materials
Estimated thermal performance indicators of building thermal insulation materials
| Material | Characteristics of materials in dry condition | Design coefficients (under operating conditions according to SNiP 23-02) | |||||||
| ρо | Co | ω | λ | S | μ | ||||
| A | B | A | B | A | B | A, B | |||
| ρ—density (kg/m³); C - specific heat capacity (kJ/(kg°C); λ - thermal conductivity coefficient (W/(m°C)); ω - coefficient of mass ratio of moisture in the material (%); S - heat absorption coefficient (with a period of 24 hours) ( W/(m²°С); μ—vapor permeability coefficient (mg/(m h Pa) | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| A. Polymer | |||||||||
| 1. Expanded polystyrene | 150 | 1,34 | 1 | 5 | 0,052 | 0,06 | 0,89 | 0,99 | 0,05 |
| 2. Same | 100 | 1,34 | 2 | 10 | 0,041 | 0,052 | 0,65 | 0,82 | 0,05 |
| 3. Expanded polystyrene (GOST 15588) | 40 | 1,34 | 2 | 10 | 0,041 | 0,05 | 0,41 | 0,49 | 0,05 |
| 4. Expanded polystyrene JSC "SP Radoslav" | 18 | 1,34 | 2 | 10 | 0,042 | 0,043 | 0,28 | 0,32 | 0,02 |
| 5. Same | 24 | 1,34 | 2 | 10 | 0,04 | 0,041 | 0,32 | 0,36 | 0,02 |
| 6. Extruded polystyrene foam “Stirodur” 2500C | 25 | 1,34 | 2 | 10 | 0,031 | 0,031 | 0,28 | 0,31 | 0,013 |
| 7. The same, 2800C | 28 | 1,34 | 2 | 10 | 0,031 | 0,031 | 0,30 | 0,33 | 0,013 |
| 8. The same, 3035C | 33 | 1,34 | 2 | 10 | 0,031 | 0,031 | 0,32 | 0.36 | 0,013 |
| 9. The same, 4000С | 35 | 1,34 | 2 | 10 | 0,031 | 0,031 | 0,34 | 0.37 | 0.005 |
| 10. The same, 5000С | 45 | 1.34 | 2 | 10 | 0,031 | 0.031 | 0.38 | 0,42 | 0.005 |
| 11. Expanded polystyrene “Styropor” S15 | 15 | 1,34 | 2 | 10 | 0,040 | 0,044 | 0,25 | 0,29 | 0,035 |
| 12. Same, PS20 | 20 | 1,34 | 2 | 10 | 0,038 | 0,042 | 0.28 | 0,33 | 0,030 |
| 13. Same, PS30 | 30 | 1,34 | 2 | 10 | 0,036 | 0,040 | 0,33 | 0,39 | 0,030 |
| 14. Extruded polystyrene foam "Styrofoam" | 28 | 1,45 | 2 | 10 | 0,030 | 0,031 | 0,31 | 0,34 | 0,006 |
| 15. The same, “Rufmat” | 32 | 1,45 | 2 | 10 | 0,029 | 0,029 | 0,32 | 0,36 | 0,006 |
| 16. The same, “Rufmat A” | 32 | 1,45 | 2 | 10 | 0,032 | 0,032 | 0.34 | 0,37 | 0,006 |
| 17. The same, “Flurmat 500” | 38 | 1,45 | 2 | 10 | 0,028 | 0,028 | 0,34 | 0,38 | 0,006 |
| 18. The same, “Flurmat 500A” | 38 | 1,45 | 2 | 10 | 0,032 | 0,032 | 0,37 | 0,41 | 0,006 |
| 19. The same, “Flurmat 200” | 25 | 1,45 | 2 | 10 | 0,029 | 0,029 | 0,28 | 0,31 | 0,006 |
| 20. The same, “Flurmat 200A” | 25 | 1,45 | 2 | 10 | 0,031 | 0,031 | 0,29 | 0,32 | 0,006 |
| 21. Foam plastic PVC-1 and PV1 | 125 | 1,26 | 2 | 10 | 0,06 | 0,064 | 0,86 | 0,99 | 0,23 |
| 22. Same | 100 or less | 1,26 | 2 | 10 | 0,05 | 0,052 | 0,68 | 0,8 | 0,23 |
| 23. Polyurethane foam | 80 | 1,47 | 2 | 5 | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,67 | 0,7 | 0,05 |
| 24. Same | 60 | 1,47 | 2 | 5 | 0,041 | 0,041 | 0,53 | 0,55 | 0,05 |
| 25. Same | 40 | 1,47 | 2 | 5 | 0,04 | 0,04 | 0,4 | 0,42 | 0,05 |
| 26. Plates made of resol-phenol-formaldehyde foam (GOST 20916) | 90 | 1,68 | 5 | 20 | 0,053 | 0,073 | 0,81 | 1,10 | 0,15 |
| 27. Same | 80 | 1,68 | 5 | 20 | 0,051 | 0,071 | 0,75 | 1,02 | 0,23 |
| 28. Same | 50 | 1,68 | 5 | 20 | 0,045 | 0,064 | 0,56 | 0,77 | 0,23 |
| 29. Perlite plastic concrete | 200 | 1,05 | 2 | 3 | 0,052 | 0,06 | 0,93 | 1,01 | 0,008 |
| 30. Same | 100 | 1,05 | 2 | 3 | 0,041 | 0,05 | 0,58 | 0,66 | 0,008 |
| 31. Perlite phosphogel products | 300 | 1,05 | 3 | 12 | 0,08 | 0,12 | 1,43 | 2,02 | 0,2 |
| 32. Same | 200 | 1,05 | 3 | 12 | 0,07 | 0,09 | 1,1 | 1,43 | 0,23 |
| 33. Thermal insulation products made of foamed synthetic rubber “Aeroflex” | 80 | 1,806 | 5 | 15 | 0,04 | 0,054 | 0,65 | 0,71 | 0,003 |
| 34. The same, “K flex”: ESSTECO | 60-80 60-80 60-95 | 1.806 1,806 1,806 | 000 | 000 | 0,039 0,039 0,041 | 0,039 0,039 0,041 | 0,6 0,6 0,65 | 0,6 0,6 0,65 | 0,010 0,009 0,010 |
| 35. Extruded polystyrene foam "Penoplex", type 35 | 35 | 1,65 | 2 | 3 | 0,029 | 0,030 | 0,36 | 0,37 | 0,018 |
| 36. Same. type 45 | 45 | 1,53 | 2 | 3 | 0,031 | 0,032 | 0,40 | 0,42 | 0,015 |
| B. Mineral wool (GOST 4640), fiberglass, foam glass, gas glass | |||||||||
| 37. Stitched mineral wool mats (GOST 21880) | 125 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,064 | 0,07 | 0,73 | 0,82 | 0,30 |
| 38. Same | 100 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,061 | 0,067 | 0.64 | 0,72 | 0,49 |
| 39. Same | 75 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,058 | 0,064 | 0,54 | 0.61 | 0,49 |
| 40. Mineral wool mats with a synthetic binder (GOST 9573) | 225 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,072 | 0,082 | 1,04 | 1,19 | 0,49 |
| 41. Same | 175 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,066 | 0,076 | 0,88 | 1,01 | 0,49 |
| 42. Same | 125 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,064 | 0,07 | 0,73 | 0,82 | 0,49 |
| 43. Same | 75 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,058 | 0,064 | 0,54 | 0,61 | 0,53 |
| 44. Soft, semi-rigid and hard mineral wool slabs with synthetic and bitumen binders (GOST 9573, GOST 10140, GOST 22950) | 250 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,082 | 0,085 | 1,17 | 1,28 | 0,41 |
| 45. Same | 225 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,079 | 0,084 | 1,09 | 1,20 | 0,41 |
| 46. Same | 200 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,076 | 0,08 | 1,01 | 1,11 | 0,49 |
| 47. Same | 150 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,068 | 0,073 | 0,83 | 0,92 | 0,49 |
| 48. Same | 125 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,064 | 0,069 | 0,73 | 0,81 | 0,49 |
| 49. Same | 100 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,06 | 0,065 | 0,64 | 0,71 | 0,56 |
| 50. Same | 75 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,056 | 0,063 | 0,53 | 0,60 | 0,6 |
| 51. Mineral wool slabs Mineral wool CJSC | 180 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,045 | 0,048 | 0,74 | 0,81 | 0,3 |
| 52. Same | 140-175 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,043 | 0,046 | 0,68 | 0,75 | 0,31 |
| 53. Same | 80-125 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,042 | 0,045 | 0.53 | 0.59 | 0,32 |
| 54. Same | 40-60 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,041 | 0,044 | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0,35 |
| 55. Same | 25-50 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,042 | 0,045 | 0,31 | 0,35 | 0,37 |
| 56. Mineral wool slabs of increased rigidity with an organophosphate binder | 200 | 0,84 | 1 | 2 | 0,07 | 0,076 | 0,94 | 1,01 | 0,45 |
| 57. Semi-rigid mineral wool slabs with a starch binder | 200 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,076 | 0,08 | 1,01 | 1,11 | 0,38 |
| 58. Same | 125 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0.06 | 0,064 | 0,70 | 0,78 | 0,38 |
| 59. Plates made of glass staple fiber with a synthetic binder (GOST 10499) | 45 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,06 | 0,064 | 0,44 | 0,5 | 0,6 |
| 60. Stitched glass fiber mats and strips | 150 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,064 | 0,07 | 0,8 | 0,9 | 0,53 |
| 61. Mats made of glass staple fiber “URSA” | 25 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,043 | 0,05 | 0,27 | 0,31 | 0,61 |
| 62. Same | 17 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,046 | 0,053 | 0,23 | 0,26 | 0,66 |
| 63. Same | 15 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,048 | 0,053 | 0,22 | 0,25 | 0,68 |
| 64. Same | 11 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,05 | 0,055 | 0,19 | 0,22 | 0,7 |
| 65. Plates made of glass staple fiber "URSA" | 85 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,046 | 0,05 | 0,51 | 0,57 | 0,5 |
| 66. Same | 75 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,042 | 0,047 | 0,46 | 0,52 | 0,5 |
| 67. Same | 60 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,04 | 0,045 | 0,4 | 0,45 | 0,51 |
| 68. Same | 45 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,041 | 0,045 | 0,35 | 0,39 | 0,51 |
| 69. Same | 35 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,041 | 0,046 | 0,31 | 0,35 | 0,52 |
| 70. Same | 30 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,042 | 0,046 | 0,29 | 0,32 | 0,52 |
| 71. Same | 20 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,043 | 0,048 | 0,24 | 0,27 | 0,53 |
| 72. Same | 17 . | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,047 | 0,053 | 0,23 | 0,26 | 0,54 |
| 73. Same | 15 | 0,84 | 2 | 5 | 0,049 | 0,055 | 0,22 | 0,25 | 0,55 |
| 74. Foam glass or gas glass | 400 | 0,84 | 1 | 2 | 0,12 | 0,14 | 1,76 | 1,94 | 0,02 |
| 75. Same | 300 | 0.84 | 1 | 2 | 0,11 | 0,12 | 1,46 | 1,56 | 0,02 |
| 76. Same | 200 | 0,84 | 1 | 2 | 0,08 | 0,09 | 1,01 | 1,1 | 0,03 |
| B. Plates from natural organic and inorganic materials | |||||||||
| 77. Fiberboards and particle boards (GOST 4598, GOST 8904, GOST 10632) | 1000 | 2,3 | 10 | 12 | 0,23 | 0,29 | 6,75 | 7,7 | 0,12 |
| 78. Same | 800 | 2,3 | 10 | 12 | 0,19 | 0,23 | 5,49 | 6,13 | 0,12 |
| 79. Same | 600 | 2,3 | 10 | 12 | 0,13 | 0,16 | 3,93 | 4,43 | 0,13 |
| 80. Same | 400 | 2,3 | 10 | 12 | 0,11 | 0,13 | 2,95 | 3,26 | 0,19 |
| 81. Same | 200 | 2,3 | 10 | 12 | 0,07 | 0,08 | 1,67 | 1,81 | 0,24 |
| 82. Fiberboard and wood concrete slabs (GOST 19222) on Portland cement | 500 | 2,3 | 10 | 15 | 0,15 | 0,19 | 3,86 | 4,50 | 0,11 |
| 83. Same | 450 | 2,3 | 10 | 15 | 0,135 | 0,17 | 3,47 | 4,04 | 0,11 |
| 84. Same | 400 | 2,3 | 10 | 15 | 0,13 | 0,16 | 3,21 | 3,70 | 0,26 |
| 85. Reed slabs | 300 | 2,3 | 10 | 15 | 0,09 | 0,14 | 2,31 | 2,99 | 0,45 |
| 86. Same | 200 | 2,3 | 10 | 15 | 0,07 | 0,09 | 1,67 | 1,96 | 0,49 |
| 87. Peat thermal insulation slabs | 300 | 2,3 | 15 | 20 | 0,07 | 0,08 | 2,12 | 2,34 | 0,19 |
| 88. Same | 200 | 2,3 | 15 | 20 | 0,06 | 0,064 | 1,6 | 1,71 | 0,49 |
| 89. Tow | 150 | 2,3 | 7 | 12 | 0,06 | 0,07 | 1,3 | 1,47 | 0,49 |
| 90. Plaster slabs (GOST 6428) | 1350 | 0,84 | 4 | 6 | 0,50 | 0,56 | 7,04 | 7,76 | 0,098 |
| 91. Same | 1100 | 0,84 | 4 | 6 | 0,35 | 0,41 | 5,32 | 5,99 | 0,11 |
| 92. Gypsum cladding sheets (dry plaster) (GOST 6266) | 1050 | 0,84 | 4 | 6 | 0,34 | 0,36 | 5,12 | 5,48 | 0,075 |
| 93. Same | 800 | 0,84 | 4 | 6 | 0,19 | 0,21 | 3,34 | 3,66 | 0,075 |
| 94. Products made of expanded perlite with a bitumen binder (GOST 16136) | 300 | 1,68 | 1 | 2 | 0,09 | 0,099 | 1,84 | 1,95 | 0,04 |
| 95. Same | 250 | 1,68 | 1 | 2 | 0,085 | 0,099 | 1,53 | 1,64 | 0,04 |
| 96. Same | 225 | 1,68 | 1 | 2 | 0,082 | 0,094 | 1,39 | 1,47 | 0,04 |
| 97. Same | 200 | 1,68 | 1 | 2 | 0.078 | 0,09 | 1,23 | 1,32 | 0.04 |
| G. Backfills | |||||||||
| 98. Expanded clay gravel (GOST 9757) | 600 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,17 | 0,19 | 2,62 | 2,83 | 0,23 |
| 99. Same | 500 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,15 | 0,165 | 2,25 | 2,41 | 0,23 |
| 100. Same | 450 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,14 | 0,155 | 2,06 | 2,22 | 0,235 |
| 101. Same | 400 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,13 | 0,145 | 1,87 | 2,02 | 0,24 |
| 102. Same | 350 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,125 | 0,14 | 1,72 | 1,86 | 0,245 |
| 103. Same | 300 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,12 | 0,13 | 1,56 | 1,66 | 0,25 |
| 104. Same | 250 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,11 | 0,12 | 1,22 | 1,3 | 0,26 |
| 105. Shungizite gravel (GOST 9757) | 700 | 0,84 | 2 | 4 | 0.18 | 0,21 | 2,91 | 3,29 | 0,21 |
| 106. Same | 600 | 0,84 | 2 | 4 | 0,16 | 0,19 | 2,54 | 2,89 | 0,22 |
| 107. Same | 500 | 0,84 | 2 | 4 | 0,15 | 0,175 | 2,25 | 2,54 | 0,22 |
| 108. Same | 450 | 0,84 | 2 | 4 | 0,14 | 0,16 | 2,06 | 2,30 | 0,22 |
| 109. Same | 400 | 0,84 | 2 | 4 | 0,13 | 0,15 | 1,87 | 2,10 | 0,23 |
| 110. Crushed stone from blast furnace slag (GOST 5578) | 1000 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,24 | 0,31 | 4,02 | 4,67 | 0,21 |
| 111. Slag pumice and agloporite crushed stone (GOST 9757) | 900 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,23 | 0,3 | 3,73 | 4,36 | 0,21 |
| 112. Same | 800 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,21 | 0,26 | 3,36 | 3,83 | 0,21 |
| 113. Same | 700 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,19 | 0,23 | 2,99 | 3,37 | 0,22 |
| 114. Same | 600 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,18 | 0,21 | 2,7 | 2,98 | 0,23 |
| 115. Same | 500 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,16 | 0,19 | 2,32 | 2,59 | 0,23 |
| 116. Same | 450 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,15 | 0,17 | 2,13 | 2,32 | 0,24 |
| 117. Same | 400 | 0,84 | 2 | 3 | 0,14 | 0,16 | 1,94 | 2,12 | 0,24 |
| 118. Crushed stone and sand from expanded perlite (GOST 10832) | 500 | 0,84 | 1 | 2 | 0,1 | 0,11 | 1,79 | 1,92 | 0,26 |
| 119. Same | 400 | 0,84 | 1 | 2 | 0,087 | 0,095 | 1,5 | 1,6 | 0,3 |
| 120. Same | 350 | 0,84 | 1 | 2 | 0,081 | 0,085 | 1,35 | 1,42 | 0,3 |
| 121. Same | 300 | 0,84 | 1 | 2 | 0,076 | 0,08 | 0,99 | 1,04 | 0,34 |
| 122. Expanded vermiculite (GOST 12865) | 200 | 0,84 | 1 | 3 | 0,08 | 0,095 | 1,01 | 1,16 | 0,23 |
| 123. Same | 150 | 0,84 | 1 | 3 | 0,074 | 0,098 | 0,84 | 1,02 | 0,26 |
| 124. Same | 100 | 0,84 | 1 | 3 | 0,067 | 0,08 | 0,66 | 0,75 | 0,3 |
| 125. Sand for construction work (GOST 8736) | 1600 | 0,84 | 1 | 2 | 0,47 | 0,58 | 6,95 | 7,91 | 0,17 |
What does it depend on?
The defining characteristics of roof insulation in residential and public buildings include:
- Thermal conductivity. The best insulation materials should have a minimum thermal conductivity to reduce the overall heat transfer coefficient. The lower density, as already noted, is due to porosity. In addition, according to the production technology, the pores should not be connected to each other, as this will lead to heat convection. A derivative of porosity is also the ability of a material to absorb sound.
- Moisture vapor permeability, which should also be minimal. Therefore, the ability of the heat insulator material to absorb water should also be minimal. The same applies to the ability to condensate.
- Installation features. The insulating material must be resistant to water and solvents, have high strength and not lose its insulating characteristics during the entire warranty period. This set of parameters is determined by the quality of the heat insulator production technology, and not by its density.
- Environmental characteristics. Thermal insulation material must be non-flammable and non-explosive. In the unlikely event of fire, combustion products should not present a toxic hazard.
Important: the density of insulation most of all depends on the density of the components, the production technology of the heat insulator and the degree of safety for the environment.
Frame building walls: structure
The wall of a frame house is a structure of several layers.
It is based on a frame made of wooden or metal elements.
They are knocked down so that the walls are rigidly fixed, for which jumpers, struts and strapping are used.
The beam for the house is 15 cm wide, and thermal insulation is laid end-to-end between it.
On one side of this layer a waterproofing material is placed, most often a film, less often a more expensive membrane.
It protects the inside of the wall from excess moisture coming from outside.
Wall of a frame house schematically
On the other side, a vapor barrier membrane is laid, which prevents moisture from entering the wall from inside the premises, but at the same time removes water vapor into the room from the wall.
- OSB or other boards are placed on both sides.
- Read about insulation technology here.
- About the Canadian house - here, and about Finnish technology - here.
Which insulation is best for the attic?
For the most part, mineral wool, glass wool, sandwich panels, organic materials and foam glass are used to insulate the attic. All of them must have fire-fighting properties, high acoustic protection, and significant vapor permeability. As a rule, two layers of material are used for insulation, but experts recommend making the thickness of the insulating layer 250 - 300 mm. These criteria apply to both roll and slab materials.
