Every developer wants to get a warm house that will be heated with minimal investment. The widespread use of modern technologies and the construction of lightweight houses have led to the fact that not every foundation is able to withstand the load that a massive brick oven will produce. They have been replaced by lightweight structures that can provide heat even to houses with an area of over 200 square meters. In this case, to remove combustion products, the construction of a heavy chimney is not required, but you can limit yourself to a light-weight system, the elements of which are reliably connected to each other. Let's figure out how to properly install a sandwich chimney with your own hands in order to produce a high-quality installation and avoid unnecessary installation costs.
Sandwich chimney with external installation Source torgpoliprom.ru
Design Features
The reliability of the design of lightweight systems is ensured through the use of several layers of modern building materials. The design is called “Chimney Sandwich” in honor of the English sandwich, in which several ingredients are combined in layers. It consists of two pipes made of high-quality steel alloy.
The diameter of the outer pipe is significantly larger than the diameter of the inner one. A layer of thermal insulation material is laid between them, usually non-flammable stone wool. The outer pipe provides protection against damage and mechanical stress. The inner tube can withstand high temperatures. A cushioning layer of mineral wool compensates for the difference in temperature conditions. The thickness of the thermal insulation layer depends on:
- differences in diameters of the inner and outer pipes;
- temperatures during operation;
- the diameter of the stove opening to which the chimney is connected.
Important! Stone wool is a non-flammable material. Therefore, in the event of deformation of the internal steel contour, it will be able to protect against combustion products from entering the chimney.
Sandwich chimney pipes Source i1.wp.com
The principle of assembling a chimney is identical to that of a constructor. You can invite a specialist, but after learning how to make a sandwich pipe for a chimney with your own hands, you can carry out a complex of work yourself. The system consists of parts that are equipped with fasteners for a strong connection with each other. The elements have two types of connections that allow installation using:
- corrugated end elements, which allow easy assembly, but require the use of expensive sealant;
- socket connection, complex due to the need for careful adjustment of parts, but more airtight if installed correctly.
A properly installed sandwich chimney will last 15 years or more. But you need to remember that to prevent soot outbreaks, the system must be cleaned regularly.
Assembling a sandwich chimney with your own hands Source klimatlab.com
Principle of operation
Despite the complexity of the design of the unit, the principle of its operation is quite simple. The equipment is based on a simple law of physics: heated and warm air always rises, and cold air descends due to its weight. Carbon dioxide enters the device system, and due to the difference in temperature inside the unit and in the fresh air, a draft appears, with which it goes outside. This principle ensures that carbon monoxide goes directly to the street - no harmful substances remain in the room.
principle of operation of the chimney of different gas boilers
Advantages and disadvantages
Technological progress has made it possible to move away from the use of heavy foundations when building a house and to build on prefabricated pile-screw and drill-fill foundations. And if previously heating a house could only be done using a heavy Russian stove or fireplace made of brick, now they have been replaced by modular structures made from a portal with a firebox weighing about 500 kg.
Sandwich chimney in a bathhouse Source spskamin.ru
When wondering how to assemble a chimney for such systems, you need to know the advantages and you need to know their advantages and disadvantages:
- When used, only the internal part of the system becomes very hot. Thanks to the compensation layer of mineral wool, the outer pipe has an acceptable temperature, which significantly reduces the risk of burns;
- after heating the chimney, the draft increases significantly;
- the steel surface of the chimney is not susceptible to soot settling as in systems made of brick or ceramics;
- due to the rapid removal, combustion products do not accumulate in the chimney, which does not lead to the accumulation of condensate on the walls;
- the design of the chimney provides maximum protection: on the outside it is protected by the outer diameter of the pipe from deformation under direct influence, the inner pipe does not allow heat and combustion products to pass through, and mineral wool is a protective layer from fire since it is not hot;
Installed sandwich chimney Source petropech.ru
Since the sandwich chimney system is relatively light in weight, its installation does not require the installation of a special foundation. It is advisable to strengthen the structure of the subfloor with additional lags, but if this is not possible, this may not be done. With proper care, the system will last a long time, but after about ten years, areas with partial depressurization may appear in the seam area.
Calculation of sandwich chimney pipe sizes
Diameter
To determine the optimal pipe diameter size for a sandwich chimney, you need to know the conditions under which the operation will take place. The heating power of the furnace depends on how large the area is, as well as what the planned temperature range is.
As a rule, in order to heat 10 square meters they take 1 kW. Accordingly, in order to heat an area of 100 square meters, you need to purchase a 10 kW stove. Having decided on the power, you can choose a model for individual parameters.
Chimney facing the street Source santehnika-otoplenie.ru
If a system is needed to remove combustion products from a heating boiler, then you need to know the type of fuel and the power of the boiler itself. The higher the temperature of the gases passing through the chimney, the stronger its heating will be. The lowest temperature is for gas boilers, which heat up from 120C to 200C, and the highest for coal boilers, where the temperature of combustion products reaches 700C.
The choice of sandwich should begin with the diameter of the inner pipe. The more powerful the stove is planned to be installed, the wider the diameter should be. For example, if a 3.5 kW oven is installed in a room of 4 square meters, then the width of the outlet from it will be 158 mm. And for an area of 90 square meters with a 9 kW oven, a hole of 220 mm is suitable.
Despite the fact that open fireboxes are not currently recommended for installation, they also have their own standards. The outlet channel in this case should be no more than one hundredth of the total volume of the boiler. If this rule is not observed, the draft in the system will be weak with potential turbulence of air masses with combustion products.
Sandwich chimney inside the house Source pechivrn.ru
Height
To ensure safe removal of smoke away from people, it is necessary to maintain height standards. The total length of the structure should not be less than 5 meters. If the condition is not met, reverse draft may occur, as a result of which the residential area will be subject to smoke. In addition to the overall length, you must also follow the rules for venting the chimney through the roof.
If the roof is pitched, then the upper edge of the chimney should be at least 0.5 meters above the ridge if the middle of the pipe is at a distance of 1.5 meters or less from it. At a distance from the chimney of 1.5 to 3 meters, the chimney should end at the same level as the ridge in a horizontal plane. When removed by more than 3 meters, the top edge should be 10 degrees below the ridge.
Rules for installing a sandwich chimney on the roof Source stroy-good.ru
If the sandwich system is installed on a flat roof, then the height of the upper edge should be located at a distance of 0.5 to 1.5 m. Since the total size of the chimney should not be less than 5 meters, if the dimensions are insufficient, you can increase the length of the outlet through the roof to 30 cm, making sure to use special reinforcement braces.
What to look for when installing steel chimney systems
Holes in ceilings, walls and roofs
When the installation parameters of the DS are determined (height, location, type of connection), you need to make holes in the ceiling, wall and roof. When making holes, it is necessary to take into account that the chimney will heat up during operation and this can lead to burns or fire. In this regard, it is necessary to strictly observe the clearances from combustible structures.
Ilya Manaev
It is important to know! Even if the chimney pipe passes through non-combustible structures, small gaps must be left, since the chimney system is a self-supporting independent structure. Its rigid fastening (clamping) to building structures is strictly prohibited!
Before installing the DS and making holes in the building structure, check the fire safety distances specified in the manufacturer's instructions. Russian standards state that the manufacturer of chimney systems must indicate safe distances to combustible structures.
SP 7.13130.2013 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning clause 5.27 The dimensions of grooves and offsets for heat-generating devices and factory-made smoke ducts should be taken in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturer.
But today, not every manufacturer can provide such information, and there are even fewer who can confirm it with certificates and test reports. By the presence of these documents, you can distinguish a bona fide chimney manufacturer from those who produce low-quality products.
Fireproof indentations
How to choose
Since different boilers produce different combustion temperatures, in each case the composition of the steel from which the inner and outer pipes are made can play a role. After burning, sulfur, sulfuric and hydrochloric acid may remain on the walls of the chimney. Temperatures also differ depending on the type of fuel used.
Sandwich chimney details Source www.stroimdom.com.ua
When learning how to properly assemble a chimney from sandwich pipes for a home or bathhouse, you need to know that different grades of steel react differently to aggressive influences. The most common:
- AISI 304. High temperature resistant steel alloy. It has a high content of nickel and chromium. It is used at elevated temperatures up to 1000C, since at low temperatures around 600C it becomes brittle;
- AISI 316. High alloy molybdenum stabilized alloy that is acid resistant. Characterized by the absence of corrosion;
- AISI 321. High alloy steel alloy stabilized with titanium. Suitable for use in the average temperature range, up to 800C. Corrodes when interacting with sulfur;
- AISI 430 . It is used at low temperatures, as it has a low level of resistance to aggressive influences. May be corroded. It is used in the use of inexpensive budget models.
Sandwich chimney components Source www.rus-dimohod.ru
Since it is most often impossible to determine the type and grade of steel with the naked eye, a magnet can be used to determine the type. When learning how to properly assemble a chimney from sandwich pipes for a stove or boiler, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of steel. If the steel is of high quality, then it will not be attracted, but if the alloy is of low quality, then attraction will arise.
Type of chimney placement
If you are interested in how to assemble a chimney from sandwich pipes, you need to carefully analyze the place where you plan to install it. Depending on the area of the room, the location of the furniture, the level of humidity and other factors, it is necessary to choose the type of placement of the sandwich chimney. Installation is possible indoors or outdoors.
Outdoor installation
A chimney that is assembled from the street side significantly saves space inside the house or bathhouse. Having studied how to install a chimney in a bathhouse from sandwich pipes, you can assemble such a structure with your own hands. There is no need to make a decorative box for it, which significantly saves money.
Main types of chimney assembly Source otopleniehouse.ru
The system consists of assembled elements of the required length, which are connected to a structure located indoors with a special through pipe. To ensure good traction, it is necessary to follow the rules when the length of the passage section should not be more than 100 cm.
During installation, a technological slope of 3 degrees must be observed so that condensate does not accumulate in the boiler or furnace. In this placement, the roof must be more than 50 cm from the edge of the steel outer pipe. The best answer to the question of how to properly install a sandwich pipe in a bathhouse, outside or inside, would be installation from the street side.
Important! If continuous use is not planned in winter, it is advisable to insulate the chimney to avoid freezing and deformation from temperature changes.
External installation of a sandwich chimney Source fluesystems.ru
See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in the installation of stoves, fireplaces, grills and barbecues.
Indoor installation
The chimney, which is installed in the room, consists of an internal part of the system, located perpendicular to the floor, and an external part, discharged through the roof. The structural parts must be joined together in open areas so that inspection can be carried out. A joint located in the interfloor ceiling does not provide such an opportunity and is considered a potential fire hazard, since if the seal is broken, the wooden floors, floor materials of the second floor and ceiling of the first will overheat.
The placement in a completely vertical position gives a good level of draft, and in addition, such a chimney is easy to maintain. If during installation it turns out that when installed vertically, the chimney rests on the ceiling or rafter, then in order not to interfere with the structural part of the house, it is better to bend the pipe using special connecting elbows.
What is
The device is designed for attaching both a stove and a boiler chimney to the wall and holding it in a vertical position. It protects the pipe from displacement along the vertical axis under the influence of wind loads.
It consists of two triangular structures made of steel guides, connected by jumpers at the base and a ring for fixing the chimney.
The chimney pipe is held either by a platform with a hole to match the diameter of the channel, or by a clamp, or by cantilever guides. To provide additional strength, the fasteners are equipped with a rubber seal.
At the other end, the cantilever device is attached to a vertical surface with anchors, bolts or studs.
Sandwich pipe connection options
If you are interested in the question of how to assemble a sandwich chimney, another question will probably arise: how to join the system pipes together. There are two possible options, and each of them has its own name:
- “By smoke”, when the lower pipe goes inside the upper one. In this case, combustion products have no way out and are freely discharged upward;
- “Ppo condensate”, when the inner upper pipe is inserted into the lower one. External pipes are assembled with the top side facing out.
It is believed that in the second case the risk of moisture getting into the insulation is reduced, but if the tightness is broken, then some of the combustion products may enter the room.
Connection for smoke and condensate Source www.rusovent.rf
Sandwich system kit details
Once the location of the chimney has been chosen, whether outdoors or indoors, you need to understand what parts will be needed to understand how to properly assemble the chimney. To compile a list of the necessary parts, you can independently contact a specialized store or request a commercial offer via the Internet. But it’s better if you have an independent understanding of the process and what parts will be useful during assembly.
Manufacturers produce chimneys with all the necessary components so that a full assembly cycle can be carried out. If there are differences between manufacturers' models, they relate to decorative or connecting functions. The list of elements is usually the same. Therefore, having decided on the names, you can choose a manufacturer based on the criteria of reliability or availability.
Sandwich chimney parts Source pech-kamin.ru
Required Tools
After carrying out all the necessary calculations and deciding how to make a chimney pipe yourself, you need to prepare all the required elements. In addition to the list of parts of the sandwich system itself, you need to have on hand a list of the following items:
- clamps for tightening;
- support brackets;
- necessary hardware fasteners;
- heat-resistant sealant;
- grinder, metal scissors;
- spatula for sealant;
- roulette;
- square;
- screwdriver;
- drill and hammer;
- building level.
You also need a marker or construction pencil for marking. When assembling, the joints of the parts must be secured with clamps. The entire resulting structure is fixed vertically along the wall using brackets in increments of 1.5 to 2 meters.
Chimney assembly
If you decide to implement the question of how to make a sandwich chimney correctly with your own hands, you need to once again make sure of the quality of the system and check the availability of the passport before starting the installation. This document must be handed over upon purchase and it indicates a possible assembly diagram, as well as some technical parameters of the composition of the chimney.
When the heating device is already installed, you need to insulate the wall with calcium silicate or mineralite. This must be done immediately, since after installing the chimney there will be no access to the wall. Also, you immediately need to mark and drill holes for the bracket for connecting the mono-pipe and pipe.
Elements of a sandwich chimney assembly Source pandia.ru
When starting assembly work, you need to coat the parts of the outlet of the heating device with sealant. After this, a tee is connected to the boiler or furnace pipe, which contains a plug and a device for collecting condensate.
On the opposite side, a mono pipe is connected to the tee. After the tee is firmly seated on the pipe, it is pushed in all the way and tightened tightly with a clamp. After screeding, you need to apply a building level and if everything is normal, then you can secure the first element with a support bracket to the wall.
Next, the pipes are connected to each other in the chosen way: “through smoke” or “through condensate.” All joints between parts are fixed with heat-resistant sealant. To apply it you need to use a spatula. After application, the composition is distributed in an even layer over the entire surface of the edge of the element.
Support bracket Source topijar.ru
The sequence and list of necessary parts depends on how the chimney will be located. When the installation is carried out indoors and in a vertical position, it is advisable to install a tank for heating water or a specialized mesh heater.
If you place the sandwich elements at once, then exposure to high temperatures may cause the thermal insulating mineral wool layer to sinter, which will cease to perform its functions. The steel can subsequently burn out quickly.
If the question arises of how to assemble a chimney from sandwich pipes into a bathhouse and the system must be taken outside, then first a pipe is installed, and after it a section is immediately placed in a horizontal plane. The passage section must not be installed in a completely horizontal position or with a slope towards the premises, as accumulating condensate can get inside the heating device, which can lead to its deformation.
Chimney indoors Source dizajninterer.ru
Installation recommendations
To carry out the work, you will have to purchase pipes whose length is 1 meter. The chimney in a house is made up of main parts. You will also need a tee for pipe inspection. It is important to buy a tee for collecting condensate, which is used to clean joints. If the pipe has turns equal to 45 degrees, then you will need corners that are made of the same material. Make sure you have a compensator; it takes on the load from the expansion of the chimney elements during cooling and heating. The system must be installed on the roof; for this, an adjoining unit is useful. In order to prevent the entry of rain, leaves, snow and dust, the system should be equipped with a cap.
Roof passage
When learning how to properly assemble a chimney from sandwich pipes for a bathhouse or home, special attention should be paid to the place where the sandwich chimney passes through the roof. It is extremely undesirable to crash into the rafter structure as this can negatively affect the roof structure as a whole. The holes should be:
- with a pitched roof of oval or round shape;
- on flat roofs or sheathing with frequent square or rectangular pitches.
The opening is cut with a jigsaw after applying the appropriate markings. The distance from the wooden roof elements should be 13 cm or more. If the chimney gets into the rafter, then you need to use your knees to take it to the right place.
Passage through the roof Source stroy-podskazka.ru
After the chimney is brought outside, there will be a gap between the roofing material and the sandwich pipe, which must be securely and hermetically closed. For this, the best option would be to use a master flush. Its design includes a flanged base reinforced with aluminum for a complete seal and a silicone cone-shaped cuff located at the top.
After installation, the master flush will reliably protect the roof and under-roof space from precipitation and dust. For maximum tightness, before installation, you need to trim the top part so that it is 20% smaller than the chimney pipe.
After this, the master flash is put on the pipe, lowered down to the roof and fixed with silicone glue. Then the upper edge is tightened with a clamp, and the lower edge is treated with sealant. To complete the installation, a head is placed on the upper edge of the pipe and secured with self-tapping screws.
Do it yourself or order it?
You can only make a brick chimney yourself or a structure from an insulated single-layer steel pipe. But laying smooth and beautiful walls of a brick pipe is more difficult than laying just a brick wall, and you must have the skills of an experienced mason. Single-layer pipes will have to be insulated; the quality of self-insulation is much worse than that of ready-made factory-made pipes.
You can independently install a chimney made of ceramics and sandwich pipes. It is impossible to manufacture elements of such chimneys on your own, but the industry produces many modules that allow you to assemble a pipeline of any design.
The question of whether to install a pipe yourself or hire a team of professionals is quite complicated. Installing a chimney is quite a complex job, and it is worth thinking about and carefully assessing your capabilities: is it possible to take prefabricated scaffolding or scaffolding of the appropriate height, will you have assistants, do you have the skills to install building structures, how do you react to height.
