DIY natural gas burner

Author: Yuriy Fedorovich Kolesnikov, thermal power engineer

The purpose of this article is to tell you how to make a gas burner with your own hands. Gas burners in small businesses, individual technical creativity and in everyday life are used very widely for soldering, metalsmithing, forging, roofing, jewelry work, for starting gas heating devices and producing flames with temperatures above 1500 degrees for various needs.

In the technological aspect, a gas flame is good because it has a high reducing ability (cleanses the metal surface of contaminants and restores its oxide into pure metal), without exhibiting any noticeably different chemical activity.

In heat engineering – gas is a highly energy-intensive, relatively inexpensive and clean fuel; 1 GJ of gas heat is, as a rule, cheaper than from any other energy carrier, and coking of gas heating devices and soot deposition in them is minimal or absent.

But at the same time, let us repeat the common truth: they don’t joke with gas. A gas burner is not so complicated, but how to achieve its efficiency and safety - this will be discussed further. With examples of correct technical execution and recommendations for making it yourself.

Using gas burners at home

Gas type/pressure

For heating, both natural gas (methane) and liquefied gas (propane - butane) can be used. Natural gas is supplied through low pressure gas pipelines. Propane - butane can be used for autonomous gas supply with the installation of a gas holder or supplied in propane cylinders. Heating experience with the use of propane cylinders.

Burners can be designed for a specific type of gas, or they can be universal. In order for gas to burn correctly, it is necessary to mix it with air in a certain proportion. This proportion is different for different types of gas. The burners operate with a special device that ensures the correct amount of gas is supplied to the combustion chamber depending on the air pressure in it. This device is called a gas train, gas fittings, proportional supply device. The air pressure in the combustion chamber depends on the burner options, the draft in the chimney and the resistance provided by the boiler and chimney to the air clot. Changes in ambient temperature affect draft; contamination changes resistance to the clot. So it’s impossible to do without automatically adjusting the gas supply.

In some burners, to switch to another type of gas, it is necessary to change the gas fittings. In others, it is necessary to install or remove a special diaphragm in the gas supply channels. It may also come in handy to replace the manifold. There are universal burners. Conversion to another type of gas is carried out by adjusting the gas train and air supply.

In any case, you need to make sure that the burner you buy is suitable for your gas. Conversion to another type of gas price can be up to 50% of the burner price.

Gas burners have restrictions on gas inlet pressure. Some can operate at completely low pressure. Others require some level. There is a relay installed at the inlet that turns off the device when the pressure is very low. This relay can be adjusted. But there is some slight pressure. It is justified by the design of the gas fittings. Below this pressure the burner will not work. About dilemmas with low gas pressure.

Characteristics and types of injection burners

The design of the forge burner determines the degree of waste of the metal when it is heated for forging, the intensity of scale formation on the surface, and the total gas consumption. In closed forges, short-flame burners are used.

Their design guarantees rapid mixing of the combustible mixture, which ensures high efficiency. Combustion products are removed from the furnace working space evenly and as efficiently as possible.

Operating principle of burners

In burners of this type, propane coming from a gas pipeline or cylinder is burned. Here, a mixture of gas and air is formed due to ejection, i.e. the latter being sucked into the burner under the influence of the energy of a gas jet under pressure.

In the area where air is taken in, a vacuum appears, due to which the air itself moves in a given direction. Mixing in the burner body, the working mixture escapes from it under pressure, creating the desired temperature.

The quality of operation of a gas burner depends on the constancy of the ratio of the volume of gas and air. Changes in gas density affect the burner's ability to suck in air.

The fuel combustion device or burner is the main component of the gas furnace. Its operation depends entirely on the correct manufacture of this key element

All changes in combustion temperature must be accompanied by similar changes in the air supply required for combustion.

If the indicators are unbalanced, the injection coefficient must be adjusted to achieve its stability. This is achieved by changing the gas pressure or adjusting the air damper.

Classification of burners according to main characteristics

They are classified according to different criteria. Based on the volume of primary air sucked in, a distinction is made between partial-mix and full-mix burners. The main characteristics of the former are the injection coefficient and the multiplicity.

The injection coefficient is determined by the ratio of the volumes of air injected and those required for 100 percent combustion of gas. The expression “injection ratio” refers to the relationship between the volume of primary air and the gas consumption of the burner.

Combustion of gas mixed with air in an injection burner occurs in a special nozzle - a tunnel made of refractory material

Injection burners used in home forges come in low (up to 5 kPa) gas pressure and medium - from 5 kPa to 0.3 MPa. When the gas in the burner is under a pressure of 20-90 kPa, the power of air suction remains practically unchanged, even when the gas pressure and vacuum in the furnace undergo changes.

When the pressure drops below this level, the injection coefficient increases, the pressure drops, and the vacuum in the forge increases. Depending on the presence of the distribution manifold, there are single- and multi-flame burners.

There is a division according to the number of nozzles: with one nozzle - single-nozzle, with several - multi-nozzle. These elements are placed in the center or scattered. According to this feature, there are burners with a central nozzle and a peripheral one.

Classification and requirements

Let's start with the 2nd position, in other words, with the requirements that are now imposed on gas burners for boilers.

First, they need to be used to accurately combine the air-gas mixture. This is precisely their main purpose. In this regard, manufacturers make every effort to achieve one hundred percent results. Modern burners contain new developments and technologies that maximize the efficiency of natural gas combustion.
These devices should be easy to install and easy to remove. No unnecessary fancy fastenings. Everything is very simple and secure.
Highest durability. Let's put it this way: while the gas burner should also work . At the same time, quality indicators should not change over time. That's why these units are made from high quality materials.
They must meet the requirements of sanitary and hygienic standards. Particular attention is paid to their silent operation.
Currently, manufacturers offer so-called combined designs that can operate on different types of fuel. For example, diesel gas, main gas - liquefied gas. And even here there are some requirements. One of them is a rapid transition from one type of fuel to another.
Not the least important indicator will be the low toxicity of emissions from fuel combustion. Engineers and designers are trying to reduce this indicator by changing the design of the burner, in which the gas-air ratio will be optimal. This is what will influence the reduction of emissions toxicity. By the way, toxicity refers to the amount of carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) and nitrogen oxide in the products of fuel combustion. The more there are, the worse it is for the surrounding nature.

Automatic burner

Atmospheric burners

A burner of this type sucks in air according to the principle of a jet pump: gas is passed through an ejector, where, due to the high speed of movement, its pressure drops (Bernoulli’s law); air is sucked into the gas flow due to the pressure difference. The strengths of this device include the following:

Simplicity of design.
Compactness.
Energy independence.
Low noise level.
Low cost.
Possibility of simple conversion of a solid fuel boiler to use gas fuel: the atmospheric burner just needs to be installed in the ash pan chamber.

The principle of operation of an atmospheric burner
However, it is impossible to “load” too much air into the gas flow only due to the jet effect, therefore burners with high power cannot be atmospheric.

The power limit for atmospheric burners is on average 9 kW (approximate value of the maximum heated area is 90 sq. m).

Manufacturing Features

The design features are that it is very easy to operate; there are no traces of soot or repulsive odors when using the gas burner. This device is compact and can be used virtually anywhere. The main component of the burner is the industrial valve. You can purchase a new part, however, and used ones that are in working order are quite suitable. The process of making a burner with your own hands begins with the handle, then the body and nozzle are made.

A homemade device can be made using propane, butane, or a propane-butane mixture. That is, the device can only operate safely on gas-like saturated hydrocarbons and air.

a burner that is safe to use and does not waste fuel , you need to make it a rule to avoid scaling and adjusting the example circuits.

To be fair, it is worth noting that not all gas appliances are calculated according to the laws of gas dynamics. But if the manufacturer changes the dimensions of the design parts, then the Reynolds number of the fuel (or intake air) will go beyond the limits indicated in the original product. The burner with such “improvisation”, if we give an optimistic forecast, will begin to smoke and will be “gluttonous”, or even be completely dangerous in operation.

And one more important note regarding the manufacturing features of the burners: it is impossible to increase its power above 10 kW. And that's why. With a burner efficiency of 95% (which is an excellent indicator for an amateur invention), with a device power of 1 kW, it will take 50 W to self-heat. It is theoretically possible to get burned on the structure, but it is not fraught with explosion. But if you build a burner with a capacity of 20 kW, 1 kW will be superfluous. Threshold manifestation is expressed by the structure being hot or bursting into flames. Therefore, those burner drawings that are oriented at 7-8 kW should not be considered.

Choosing gas

You can only make a gas burner using propane, butane or a propane-butane mixture with your own hands, i.e. on gaseous saturated hydrocarbons and atmospheric air. When using 100% isobutane (see below), it is possible to achieve flame temperatures of up to 2000 degrees.

Acetylene allows you to achieve a flame temperature of up to 3000 degrees, but due to its danger, the high cost of calcium carbide and the need for pure oxygen as an oxidizing agent, it has practically fallen out of use in welding work. It is possible to obtain pure hydrogen at home; a hydrogen flame from a supercharged burner (see below) gives temperatures up to 2500 degrees. But the raw materials for producing hydrogen are expensive and unsafe (one of the components is a strong acid), but the main thing is that hydrogen cannot be smelled or tasted, there is no point in adding a mercaptan fragrance to it, because Hydrogen spreads an order of magnitude faster, and its admixture with air of only 4% already produces an explosive explosive gas, and its ignition can occur simply in the light.

Methane is not used in household gas burners for similar reasons; in addition, it is highly poisonous. As for flammable liquid vapors, pyrolysis gases and biogas, when burned in gas burners they produce a not very clean flame with a temperature below 1100 degrees. Flammable liquids of medium and below average volatility (from gasoline to fuel oil) are burned in special liquid burners, for example, in burners for diesel fuel; alcohols are used in low-power flame devices, and ethers do not burn at all - they have low energy, but are very dangerous.

How to make a gas burner

In the diagram below you can see exactly how a gas burner . Such a device will require the following components:

The body, which is made in the form of a double truncated cone. Its manufacture requires high-strength steel.
Confusion bell made of steel X18N9T, resistant to high temperatures and open flame.
Heads for supplying natural or liquefied gas, as well as air at the required pressure to the work site.
Mouths.
Regulators that allow you to adjust the amount of gas and air in the mixture.

One and a half inch pipes and heat-resistant steel sheets will help complete the main elements of the device. For this purpose, welding is used in an argon environment, but you can also use flux, which will protect the seam from exposure to oxygen and rapid corrosion. We use ordinary high-pressure hoses as pipes for supplying gas and air. The main thing is to choose the right diameter. The connection to the body is made using metal clamps.

To prevent gas leakage and pressure loss, reliable sealing elements will be required. They can be made of rubber that can withstand aggressive chemical influences.

Types of burners used for gas combustion

The choice of the optimal design of the forge burner is related to the issues of the amount of metal waste during heating for forging, the intensity of surface scaling, as well as the total gas consumption. Closed-type furnaces require short-flame burners that provide rapid and intense mixing of the combustible mixture. It is then that the efficiency will be maximum, and the removal of combustion products from the working chamber of the forge will be uniform and efficient.

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Thus, the gas burner must provide:

The greatest angle of inclination of the finished gas-air mixture at the entrance to the working space of the forge.
High jet exit speed with a low height and large width.
Gas ignition safety.
Stability of the combustion process.
Insensitive to high humidity inside the forge.
Safety during the so-called “reverse strike”, when a sudden change in the direction of thrust can extinguish the torch, which almost immediately leads to an explosion of the flammable mixture in the furnace.

Thus, for burning propane (from a cylinder or gas pipeline) the following are used:

Injector burners providing self-suction of gas. Despite their simplicity, they are characterized by low efficiency, since they allow adjustment of the ratio of components for a relatively small range of values. Regarding a home-made forge, this most often leads to the need to work with a lack of air;
Burners are tangential type (point jet), when the gas flows along the axis and the air flow tangentially to the mixer body. Mixing here occurs quite intensively, but pressure losses due to turbulence are also large. This affects the unevenness of the amount of air supplied to the forge, and it is greatest where the heated metal comes into contact with the hearth bottom. Accordingly, waste and scale formation increase. The positive quality of tangential burners is their simplicity and reliability;
Vortex burners, where spiral guide plates are used to mix the flows. In such options, complete mixing occurs only at the mouth, so control by operation in this case is the best, and there is practically no pressure loss. Some of the disadvantages are the design complexity, which is why, even with drawings, making a vortex burner for a forge in a home workshop is very labor-intensive;
Combined burners that combine tangential and direct-flow supply. The adjustability of the combustible mixture is the best, since by changing the amount of air supplied between the internal and external channels, you can adjust the length of the torch in the forge and, therefore, control the heating time of the workpieces for forging. The disadvantage of such designs is their large dimensions, which may be unacceptable for small forges. Also, the technical complexity of manufacturing a dual-flow burner can be considered a minus.

Types and classification

Based on their intended purpose, devices are divided into professional and household.

The first include:

Burners for work related to metal processing: soldering, forging, welding.
Devices for general construction, road work, roofing, wood burning, and removal of old paint.
Technological equipment for various purposes. For example, drying chambers, food industry tools.

For household purposes, this includes a gas stove, nozzles for home stoves, heating boilers, and gas convectors.

Household devices include home workshop devices. This is where you most often find do-it-yourself burners, not only manufactured, but initially designed to perform specific tasks.

They are arranged according to two main schemes:

injection or injection;
with complete preliminary mixing of the working mixture, or ejection.

In the first type, air (or oxygen) is captured by the supplied gas stream. In the latter, the gas-air mixture is obtained in a preliminary chamber.

Description of the operating principle

The operating principle of a gas burner is based on the directed supply of a mixture of gas and oxygen. At the same time, the feed torch maintains a constant shape and temperature. As a result, after heating the 2 surfaces, a hermetically sealed connection is formed using molten solder. This material must have sufficient adhesion, adhere well to hot surfaces and be durable after cooling. The gas burner provides the temperature of the solder so that it becomes viscous. In this case, the total heating should not exceed the melting point of the base material.

In some cases, slight heat is applied. This is required when you need to dismantle a part that is press-fitted. For example, a bushing or a bearing. This is especially applicable to cases where parts have different expansion coefficients. Heating is also used in work when welding cannot be used.

Rules for safe operation of equipment

If used incorrectly, gas cylinder equipment can become a source of a strong explosion or fire.

When performing welding work, you should definitely use personal protective equipment: glasses, gloves, special shoes.

Before starting work, you need to thoroughly inspect the equipment for damage. If the equipment gets dirty, be sure to remove the dirt

You can work with propane cylinders only in well-ventilated areas, and the air temperature should not be below 0 °C.

Absolutely forbidden:

Work near open flames.
Keep the cylinder tilted when working.
Place the vessels in the sun.
Carry out work without a gearbox.
Heat the gearbox over an open fire.

In addition, if you smell gas, you must immediately stop working and turn off the valve on the cylinder. We also recommend that you familiarize yourself with the main reasons for the explosion of gas cylinders.

When working without personal protective equipment, you can get burned, not only from an open flame, but also from accidentally touching hot parts.

If the considered homemade burners are not suitable for you, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with other options for making useful homemade products discussed in our articles - a burner made from a blowtorch and a burner for a sauna stove.

Drawings and step-by-step instructions for making a burner

Let's take a closer look at the nuances that you should pay attention to when making a burner.

First of all, it is necessary to use refractory metals. A properly configured burner can produce up to 1000 ° C, so the nozzle must match the flame temperature;
It is important to choose a reliable working crane. If something goes wrong, the gas supply is first cut off and the danger is eliminated. If the tap leaks, you will not be able to quickly extinguish the flame;
The connection point to the gas source (a bottle with a valve or a 5 liter propane bottle with a reducer) must be reliable. It is when operating low-quality shut-off valves that most accidents occur.

Let's consider a typical diagram and principle of operation of an injection burner:

Gas is supplied under pressure through the hose (1). Typically propane. The pressure is formed due to the evaporation of liquefied gas in the cylinder, and it is sufficient to organize a stable and directed flame. A reducer is not required, the amount of gas is regulated by the operating valve (2).

The shut-off valve is located on the cylinder valve. Its function is only to open/close the fuel supply; other adjustments are made using a working tap.

The gas supply tube (3) leads the jet into the nozzle and ends with a nipple (6), which sets the direction of the flame. The nipple with the tube, in turn, is located in the so-called insert (5). It organizes the mixing of gas with atmospheric air.

The insert with a tube and nipple is fixed in the nozzle with a screw. As a rule, the burner is dismountable for cleaning and maintenance of the nipple.

The formed air-gas mixture is directed to the nozzle of the nozzle (8), where the mixture is additionally saturated with oxygen from the air. For combustion stability, ventilation holes (7) are provided.

You can make the burner yourself according to the drawing.

Dimensions are designed to work with cylinders up to 5 liters.

We will tell you about the structure of the liner separately; the drawing shows all the necessary dimensions:

The outer diameter of the liner tube (1) should be half a millimeter smaller than the inner diameter of the nozzle. A washer (2) with holes for air supply is welded inside. The sleeve (3) is designed to fix the tube with the nipple.

The peculiarity of the design is that by moving the tab inside the nozzle, you can regulate the air leak through the ventilation holes. This allows you to regulate the flame temperature over a wide range. The nozzle can be made from a steel pipe, but it would be better to turn it from a steel blank on a lathe. The shape of the nozzle should be somewhat narrowed at the outlet, then the flame will be forced and the temperature in the combustion zone will be higher. Alloy steel grade 45 is used.

There are two ways to make an insert: You can assemble it from two tubes and a steel washer with holes. The structure is soldered with refractory solder, with abundant fluxing. Or you can grind it entirely from a steel blank. The second option is preferable.

The supply tube is copper or brass. On the side of the hose connection, a flange is made (concentric grooves can be made for better fixation). A suitable nipple is screwed into the working end. You can take it from a primus stove, or a gas burner from a household stove.

The second option will suit us. When the burner is ready with your own hands, it is necessary to carry out initial debugging.

The burner is set to use the gas that will subsequently be used. The insert is lightly secured with a screw so that the ventilation holes are blocked by half.

By slightly opening the operating valve and moving the insert, we achieve an even, powerful flame. Then we finally fix it in the nozzle.

If you did everything correctly, the temperature at the outlet of the nozzle will reach 1100° C.

Let's move from theory to practice. How to make a gas burner using available materials:

The nozzle is made from a classic car pump design. Such items often lie idle in the garage. The steel used is excellent and the size is suitable for a gas burner.

Powerful gas burner for Wok and Kazan (18 kW, natural gas)

We cut a “rose” in the back part, bringing the ends to the center. A feed tube will be inserted into this bundle.

The part came from a construction foam gun. This is a device for reusable use, so the steel is strong and coated with refractory chromium.

The thickness of the tube is almost 1 millimeter, which is quite enough for rigidity.

At the end of the gun tube there is a nozzle with a ball valve to form foam. The ball is knocked out with a thin awl or gypsy needle. The resulting hole is sufficient to supply gas to the nozzle. The tube with the nozzle is connected using semi-automatic welding.

To connect the structure to the working faucet, conventional plumbing fittings with threads were used. This is a simple water pipe; no special steel is needed. The part of the burner where the tap is located does not heat up to critical temperatures. ball gas valve;
The holder is literally made from scrap metal. Handle from a motorcycle footrest. By lightly processing it with a grinder, we get the optimal shape. The clamp for attaching to the burner pipe is from the handlebars of the same motorcycle.

Finally the holder fits on a motorcycle handle. The thermal insulation is good, and the burner fits snugly in the hand.

It took one weekend to make and 100-120 rubles to buy a tap and a fitting for connecting to a hose.

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A gas burner for soldering is made from a needle from a dropper. Connects to a lighter refill bottle.

Conclusion! A homemade gas burner is a reality. Just be careful when operating!

A simple and effective way to make a gas burner with your own hands - video

Installation prices are always affordable for our customers. They are completely confident that they will not be deceived here and will advise the right decision. Trust is the key to the success of our company! And high-quality materials from well-known manufacturers and the skillful hands of our professionals leave no doubt that the installation will be completed on time!

Another plus - when concluding a contract, you receive an estimate that takes into account the prices for roofing work and materials, as well as the cost of delivery in Moscow and the Moscow region, accurate to the ruble!

You can make a gas torch for soldering yourself. The design has different configurations. Often the dimensions do not exceed the length of a ballpoint pen. It is used to heat up metal for the purpose of subsequent hardening or welding. In some cases, a burner is made to heat the bitumen on the roof. Homemade devices are much cheaper than purchased analogues.

Design examples

Understanding the designs of gas burners, we will take the path of increasing power, this will allow us to better understand the material. And from the very beginning we will get acquainted with such an important circumstance as supercharging.

Mini from a spray can

It is well known how a single-mode mini gas burner for tabletop operation, powered by a lighter refill can, works: these are 2 needles inserted into each other, pos. And in the figure:

Mini gas burner device powered by a spray can for refilling lighters

Pressurization - from an aquarium compressor. Since without the resistance of the sprayer under water it gives a noticeably pulsating flow, you need a receiver made of 5 liters of eggplant. Soda is not produced in these, so the receiver plug will need to be additionally sealed with raw rubber, silicone or just plasticine. If you take a compressor for an aquarium with a capacity of 600 liters or more, and the fuel is 100% isobutane (such cans are more expensive than regular ones), you can get a flame of over 1500 degrees.

The stumbling blocks when repeating this design are, firstly, adjusting the gas supply. There are no problems with air - its supply is set by the standard compressor regulator. But adjusting the gas by bending the hose is very rough, and the regulator from the dropper quickly breaks down, since it is also disposable. Secondly, pairing the burner with the can - in order for its valve to open, you need to press on the filling fitting

The first thing that will help solve the problem is the node shown in pos. B; they make it from the same pair of needles. First, you need to select a piece of tube for the sleeve that fits onto the canister fitting with a little effort, and then, also with a little effort, push it into the needle cannula; it may need to be drilled out a bit. But the sleeve should not hang either on the fitting or in the cannula separately.

Then we make a clip for the canister with an adjusting screw (pos. B), insert the canister, put the regulator on the fitting according to pos. B, and tighten the screw until the required gas supply is obtained. The adjustment is very precise, literally microscopic.

Soldering torches

The easiest way to make a soldering torch is approx. by 0.5-1 kW, if you have any gas valve available: oxygen series VK, from an old autogen (the acetylene barrel is plugged), etc. One of the design options for a soldering torch based on a gas valve is shown in Fig.

Simple gas torch for soldering

Its peculiarity is the minimum number of turned parts, and even those can be selected ready-made, and quite wide possibilities for adjusting the flame by moving the nozzle 11. The material of parts 7-12 is quite heat-resistant steel; in this case, the relatively inexpensive St45 is suitable, because the flame temperature, due to the complete lack of profiling of the gas channel and ejector windows (which do not exist as such), will not exceed 800-900 degrees. Also, due to the fact that this burner is single-circuit, it is quite voracious.

Dual-circuit

A double-circuit gas burner for soldering is much more economical and allows you to get a flame of up to 1200-1300 degrees. Examples of structures of this kind powered by a 5 liter cylinder are shown in Fig.

Double-circuit gas burners for soldering

Burner on the left – output approx. 1 kW, therefore it consists of only 3 parts, not counting the gas barrel and handle, so a separate valve for adjusting the flame is not required. If desired, you can make replaceable injector capsules for lower powers; Fuel consumption at low power will drop quite noticeably. The simplicity of the design in this case is achieved through the use of a scheme with incomplete separation of the air circuits: all the air is sucked in through the holes in the housing, but part of it is carried away by the burning gas jet through a hole with a diameter of 12 mm into the afterburner.

Incomplete separation of the air circuits does not allow reaching a power of more than 1.2-1.3 kW: Re in the combustion chamber jumps “above the roof”, which is why combustion begins with pops until it explodes, if you try to adjust the flame by applying gas. Therefore, without experience, it is better to set the injector in this burner to 0.3-0.4 mm.

A burner with complete separation of air circuits, the drawings of which are given on the right in the figure, develops power up to several kW. Therefore, its fittings require, in addition to the shut-off valve on the cylinder, a control valve. Together with a sliding primary ejector, it allows one to regulate the flame temperature within a fairly wide range, maintaining its minimum flow rate at a given power. In practice, having set the flame to the desired strength with the valve, move the primary ejector until a narrow blue jet (very hot) or a wide yellowish one (not so hot) comes out.

For forge and forge

The dual-circuit burner with complete separation of circuits is also suitable for forging work. For example, how to build a forge for the one just described in 10-15 minutes from scrap materials, see the video:

Video: gas forge in 10 minutes

A metalsmith's and forge's gas burner specifically for the forge can also be built according to a complete dual-circuit scheme, see next. video clip.

Video: DIY gas burner for the forge

And finally, a mini gas burner can also heat a small tabletop forge; how to make them together yourself, see:

Video: DIY mini-horn at home

For fine work

Here in Fig. Drawings of a gas burner with a built-in control valve for particularly precise and critical work are given. Its feature is a massive combustion chamber with cooling fins. Thanks to this, firstly, thermal deformation of burner parts is reduced. Secondly, random surges in gas and air supply have virtually no effect on the temperature in the combustion chamber. As a result, the installed flame remains very stable for a long time.

High-quality gas burner for particularly demanding work

High temperature

Finally, let's consider a burner designed to produce a flame of the highest possible temperature - using 100% isobutane without pressurization, this burner produces a flame with a temperature of more than 1500 degrees - it cuts sheet steel, melts any jewelry alloys in a mini-crucible and softens any silicate glass, except quartz. A good injector for this burner is made from a needle from an insulin syringe.

High temperature gas burner

Heating

If you are planning to once and for all transfer your old stove or boiler from wood-coal to gas, then you have no choice but to purchase a modulated pressurized burner, pos. 1 in Fig. Otherwise, any savings on homemade products will soon be eaten up by excessive fuel consumption.

Heating gas burners

In the case when heating requires a power of more than 12-15 kW and in addition there is a person ready and able to take on the duties of a stoker, regulating the gas supply in accordance with the outside temperature, a cheaper option would be a double-circuit atmospheric burner for the boiler, the design diagram of which is given in pos. . 2. The so-called. Saratov burners, pos. 3; They are produced in a wide range of capacities and have been successfully used in heating engineering for a long time.

If you need to stay on gas for some time, for example, until the end of the heating season, and then start reconstructing the heating system, or run, for example, a country or sauna stove on gas, then for this you can make a one-and-a-half-circuit gas burner with your own hands for ovens. A diagram of its structure and operation is given in pos. 4. An indispensable condition is that the furnace of the heating device must have a blower: if secondary air is allowed into the gap between the throat of the furnace and the burner body, fuel consumption will increase significantly. A drawing of a one-and-a-half-circuit gas burner for a furnace with a power of up to 10-12 kW is given in pos. 5; The oblong openings for primary air intake must be located outside!

Roofing

A gas burner for roofing work with modern built-up materials (roofing lamp) must be dual-mode: at half power the underlying surface is heated, and at full power the coating is fused after unrolling the roll. Delay is unacceptable here, so you cannot waste time readjusting the burner (which is only possible after it has cooled down).

The structure of an industrial roofing gas burner is shown on the left in Fig. It is dual-circuit with incomplete separation of circuits. In this case, such a solution is acceptable, because The burner operates at full power for approx. 20% of the process cycle time and is operated outdoors by trained personnel.

Gas burners for roofing work

The most complex component of a roofing lamp, which is unlikely to be repeated at home, is the power switching valve. However, it is possible to do without it at the cost of a slight increase in fuel consumption. If you are a generalist and do roofing work occasionally, then the decrease in profitability due to this will not be noticeable.

Technically, this solution can be implemented in a burner with connected pairs of air circuits, see on the right in Fig. The transition from mode to mode is carried out either by installing/removing the housing of the internal circuits, or simply by moving the lamp in height, because The operating mode of such a burner strongly depends on the exhaust back pressure. To warm up the underlying surface, the lamp is moved away from it, then a powerful wide stream of not excessively hot gases will come out of the nozzle. And for surfacing, the lamp is brought closer: a wide “pancake” of flame will spread across the roofing material.

In a home workshop or garage, there is often a need to use a gas burner. It has the widest range of applications – from soldering to roof repairs. Not to mention the need to heat up the metal part for processing.

When doing metalworking work on metal, a gas torch can be used to heat the workpiece for the purpose of subsequent hardening. If you are engaged in electric welding, when working with some metals it is necessary to warm up the area of the future weld.

Or a multi-nozzle ramp for heating bitumen on the roof:

Positive and negative qualities of a gas burner

The gas burner has the following positive qualities:

a large number of types of devices;
safety during operation;
most models are compact and light weight;
no lengthy preparation for use is required;
does not leave soot or odor;
the pressure of the fire can be adjusted;
You can always find out what the device consists of and, if necessary, assemble a homemade burner.

Disadvantages of using a burner:

at temperatures below -30°C, operation of the device becomes problematic;
You cannot refill a flammable container yourself.

Device using two needles

A miniature propane torch is made by hand from 2 needles. One needle can be taken from the pump and the other from the syringe. You will also need two droppers and a compressor from the aquarium. The device is connected to the canister for charging lighters. You will also need copper wire.

The temperature in such a burner reaches 1000 degrees. It is made in the following order:

A hole is drilled in the middle of the larger needle, which should be slightly larger than the diameter of the smaller needle.
The syringe needle is inserted into this hole so that it is a few mm deep. came out of the end of a larger needle.
The joint is sealed using copper wire and subsequent soldering.
On both opposite sides, the needles are connected to 2 droppers.
The opposite end of one of the droppers is connected to a lighter cartridge.
The end of the second dropper is attached to the compressor.
All joints are tightly sealed.

The gas coming from the can is mixed in a thick needle with air coming from the compressor. The composition of the mixture is changed by regulators.

If there is no compressor, you can replace it with a plastic bottle:

A hole is made in the bottom of the bottle and a nipple or spool is screwed into it.
A hole is drilled in the bottle cap and the body of the syringe is inserted into it without a piston and needle.
This place is sealed.
The cap is screwed onto the bottle.
The body of the syringe is connected to a system connected to a thin needle.
Air is pumped into the bottle through the nipple.

DIY process

To make homemade equipment, you need to take into account some nuances:

The device output temperature is 1000 degrees. Therefore, refractory metals are used in manufacturing.
An important condition for safe work is a reliable crane. In the event of an accident, it should quickly shut off the air flow.
Reliability of the gas connection.

You can make a manual gas torch for soldering with your own hands in the form of a miniature device. To make such mini-equipment you will need the following materials:

brass or copper tubes;
block of wood;
silicone or fluoroplastic as a sealing material.

The drawing of the device consists of a body in the form of a pipe ending with a nozzle. On the other side, a gas supply hose is installed. The nozzle is equipped with a divider to adjust the flame.

gas torch for soldering is made in the following order:

To make the burner body, brass is used in the form of a piece of tube. The length is selected based on ease of use.
The used soldering iron base is used as a handle, or it is made from a block of wood. A hole for the nozzle is drilled in the axial part. It is fixed with epoxy resin.
The tap is attached to the tube using silicone.
On the other side, the tube is plugged and a 0.2-0.3 mm hole is made in it. For this, a special drill and chuck are used.
After this, the burner is clamped in a vice and the hole is flattened to 0.1 mm using a hammer.
All burrs are removed with sandpaper.

The divider can be made from a brass tube that is larger than the diameter of the burner. The fastening is parallel to the body. The system will operate on the principle of a tourist stove. In the place where the gas leaves the nozzle, a vacuum is formed and air is sucked in.

homemade gas burner (natural gas)

Gas burner: price and characteristics of some popular models

Gas-air burners for roofing are the safest tools. They are easy to use, lightweight, and capable of creating a flame of sufficiently high power. Modern manufacturers offer models that operate without oxygen:

GG-2 – propane burner for the roof. This is the best option for craftsmen who perform repair work themselves. It has an acceptable cost;
GG-2U is a device similar to the previous version, but this model is characterized by a shortened version of the gas supply hose for the gas burner. This device is ideal for performing work in hard-to-reach areas of the roof, as well as for gluing joints;

Before purchasing a burner, it is important to read the specifications of the model and check the quality certificates

GG-2S is a model that belongs to professional tools and runs on propane. The main advantage of the device is that the device can be used even in strong winds. The device is equipped with two valves and consists of two housings, making it easier to control the operating modes of the device;
GGS1-1.7 is a universal design, which, despite its small size and weight, is characterized by a high degree of performance. The device can only be used on flat horizontal areas;
GGK-1 - this burner is heavier than previous designs and is equipped with a very durable glass. This model is suitable for burning old paint, wooden surfaces, as well as for performing waterproofing work. Fuel is supplied using a special lever.
GGS1-1.0 is used for small works of insignificant volumes. Optimally used on roofs with a large angle of inclination;
GGS1-0.5 is used for minor repair work. The model is characterized by low fuel consumption;
GGS4-1.0 consists of four bells, thanks to which the entire roll is heated simultaneously. The use of this option allows you to increase labor productivity and save fuel;

Gas-air burners for roofing are considered the safest tool

GV-3 is a propane torch designed for welding and even manual soldering of metal. The diameter of the glass is 5 cm;
GV-111R is used for melting bituminous materials and firing a layer of paint.
GV-550 and GV-900 are very easy-to-use designs that differ from each other only in the maximum flame length. The first model is more suitable for performing tasks at the junction points of the roof, and the second device allows you to work while standing at full height, since the length of the torch reaches 90 cm;
GV 500 is used to perform surfacing work during laying of roofing materials. This model melts bitumen with ease. The flame temperature of the GV 500 gas burner is 300 °C;
GV-850 is a burner that has a special valve, thanks to which you can precisely regulate the amount of technical gas supplied from the cylinder. There is also a lever installed here, with which the master adjusts the length of the torch. This gas burner does not operate on pure propane, but on a mixture that contains technical oxygen. The price of a gas burner for roofing GV-850 is 1700-2200 rubles.

As you can see, the choice of gas burners is very wide, and where to buy a burner: in a store or on the website depends on the wishes of customers. The main thing is to read the specifications of the model and check the quality certificates for the product.

Gas burners are easy to use, lightweight, and capable of creating a flame of sufficiently high power.

Design of a device with piezo ignition

A portable gas burner with piezo ignition for soldering is characterized by the formation of a stable flame torch. The device consists of a cylinder containing gas. A nozzle is installed on top. It is attached using an adapter hose.

This design does not require heating, it does not become clogged and odors do not accumulate in it. It has small dimensions, weight and cost.

The purpose of piezo ignition is to automatically ignite the fuel. This is convenient if you don't have matches. However, this is also the most vulnerable part of the structure. With proper care it will last a long time.

A gas torch for soldering at home is a necessary thing. It can be used to repair copper and brass items. These are parts that make up radiators and heat exchangers. The device is of great help during car body repairs, when high temperatures can cause warping of the metal.

Which gas to choose

A gas burner for do-it-yourself soldering is made exclusively using fuel such as:

natural gas;
propane;
butane;
propane-butane mixtures.

In other words, on hydrocarbon mixtures with atmospheric air. If you use fuel consisting of 100 percent isobutane, you can get a combustion temperature of 2000 degrees Celsius.

Acetylene is a substance that allows you to get temperatures up to 3000 degrees. But such a device is currently not popular for several reasons: the need for constant oxygen, a high level of danger, the need to use expensive calcium carbide for work and other reasons.

It is more than possible to obtain hydrogen at home, and such a device is capable of producing a temperature of 2500 degrees. But the starting materials for producing this substance are also very expensive (the main mixture for production is hydrocyanic acid). Besides, they are unsafe. Another disadvantage of hydrogen is that it can be smelled.

A substance such as methane is not used in household burners for obvious reasons. In addition, the gas is very poisonous. If we talk about methane fumes, they do not produce a large flame when burned, and the average temperature of the structure is 1100 degrees.

DIY burner - drawings

The inner diameter of the liner tube (1) should be 0.5 mm smaller compared to the inner diameter of the nozzle. A washer (2) with air holes is welded inside. The sleeve (2) secures the tube with the nipple.

The design differs in that when moving the tab in the nozzle, it is possible to adjust the air suction through the ventilation holes - and, as a result, adjust the fire temperature over a wide range.

How to make a nozzle and handle

First of all, we take a brass tube and attach a handle to it - for example, from an old burner, or from a wooden block, having processed it beforehand. We drill a hole in the block for a brass tube with the appropriate diameter. Having inserted the tube into the timber, we secure it with silicone or epoxy resin.

Next, we proceed to a more labor-intensive and time-consuming stage of work - manufacturing the nozzle. The hole size should preferably be 0.1 mm.

You can use a drill to make a slightly larger hole, and then adjust the edges to 0.1 mm. The hole must have the correct shape so that the flame is even.

After this, we fix the workpiece in a vice, take a hammer and carefully, in a vertical plane with a “pull” towards the middle of the workpiece, strike the future nozzle. We rotate the product evenly to form an ideal hole.

Then we take fine-grit sandpaper and sand the nozzle head. To connect to the tube, a thread is applied to the back of the product; the elements can also be simply soldered - but in the future, repairing the parts will be more difficult.

Will a homemade turbo burner run on natural gas??? DIY WAI WAI

Now we connect the device to the gas cylinder and set it on fire - the do-it-yourself burner is ready for use. However, here you can see that to regulate the gas flow, you can only open and close the valve of the gas cylinder, and thus it is very difficult to obtain the desired flame. What we can do?

Parameters for making a soldering torch

Firstly, the device must be made of refractory metals. With a properly configured burner, you can get temperatures above 1000°C. Secondly, the burner must be equipped with a reliable working valve, which will shut off the gas supply in case of a dangerous situation. Thirdly, you need to use a reliable connection point to a can with a valve or a 5-liter propane cylinder with a reducer, which will eliminate the risk of accidents.

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Below is a typical diagram and principle of operation of an injection gas burner:

Service Features

Servicing a gas burner involves only one operation - cleaning it.
This should be done annually. Users are not recommended to carry out this procedure on their own, since it requires disassembling the boiler and, accordingly, its correct assembly. Typically, service centers clean burners.

Accumulated dirt is removed by blowing with compressed air. Setting its pressure should be approached with caution: some of the modern burners can be damaged by a pressure of 8 - 10 atm.

To reduce the need for cleaning the burner, a filter should be installed on the gas supply pipe. This can only be done by a specialist from the gas industry, where you need to apply.

Did you know that a modest voltage of 12 volts can also serve as a heat source? Assemble a 12 Volt heater with your own hands and check it yourself - instructions are included in the article.

Why you need an inverter for a heating boiler and how to connect it, you will find out by reading this information.

DIY gas burner: manufacturing instructions

In this article we will look at how to make a gas torch for soldering with your own hands. This device is often in demand both in private households and for commercial purposes - for individual technical creativity and various types of construction tasks. In particular, gas burners are used for soldering, metalsmithing, forging, roofing, jewelry work, and for other purposes they produce flames whose temperature exceeds 1500°C.

In metalworking, using a gas torch, you can heat a metal workpiece so that in the end it turns out to be sufficiently hardened. When carrying out welding work with some metals, the areas of future seams must be heated.

How to improve flame control

For the normal operation of our homemade unit, we will install a divider and a tap on it. It is better to mount the faucet near the handle, at a distance of about 2–4 Washing machine, but it can also be attached to the supply pipe. As an option, take a burner tap from an old autogen or another similar tap that is attached with a thread. To seal the connection, take FUM tape.

The divider is installed on a pipe with a nozzle; it is made of brass, diameter 15 mm. The best option is a cylindrical part with a hole for a tube with a nozzle. If there is none, we do this: 1. Take a brass pipe with a diameter of 35 mm and cut a piece of 100–150 mm.2. Take a marker, step back from the end and mark 3-5 points, with an equal distance between them.3. We drill 8–10 mm holes in the pipe, take a grinder and make straight cuts to them.4. We bend everything to the center and weld it to the burner pipe.

Choosing a nozzle for bottled gas

As already mentioned, the propane nozzle has a shortened body and a smaller outlet diameter. It is not recommended to try to reduce the hole yourself, since even fractions of millimeters are important here. By eye you can only improve the operation of the stove, but not achieve its ideal operation.

It is important to understand that standard jets simply do not exist. They are designed for each specific model

Modern kitchen stoves are equipped with a set of jets designed to operate on propane. Some models are even produced specifically for bottled gas.

Advantages and disadvantages of gas furnaces

The market offers consumers a wide variety of energy resources. At the present stage of economic development, gas is one of the most profitable and efficient fuel options.

The use of gas as a power source for heating equipment is advantageous in that its cost does not break the consumer's pocket. In addition, gas has a high efficiency factor. The operation of gas heating devices is easy to use, economical and safe.

This kind of homemade heater is often used for a wide variety of purposes. It can be used to heat greenhouses, garages, and boxes. Thanks to mobility and low assembly costs, portable heaters can even be taken on hiking trips

When installing a gas stove indoors, the best option for owners would be a situation where a gas pipeline is directly connected to the building. However, in modern realities this is a very rare case. Many will have to purchase gas cylinders and other containers for storing and supplying fuel to the stove.

The advantages of using gas furnaces include:

fast, efficient and high-quality heating of the room;
mobility and compactness of gas equipment;
the ability to quickly move the oven to the desired location;
independence from government communications, power outages and many other factors.

Gas equipment, like any other, has its drawbacks. However, they are relative and easily avoided.

The disadvantages include:

the use of gas is strictly regulated by regulations;
owners of non-residential premises will have to obtain a number of agreements and permits from the gas industry and other government bodies;
drawing up the necessary project can cost a lot of money;
the use of reduced and bottled gas requires compliance with safety measures.

In order for a gas stove to perform its function as efficiently as possible in a room, it is necessary to have protective screens. Such structures are equipped with reflective surfaces, thanks to which warm air does not escape, but is reflected and heats the entire area of the box.

Craftsmen are constantly improving their skills and using new techniques to design homemade units. Some modern handmade gas heaters are equipped with special blowers that allow you to control the flow of warm air

Open combustion stoves require the design and installation of a ventilation system and provision of air humidification. When the device burns oxygen, the air becomes dry. This often leads to headaches and sore throats.

Design of a homemade gas burner

metal case;
gearbox;
nozzle;
fuel supply regulator;
head;
a unit for securing a gas cylinder.

The metal case includes a special glass, with the help of which the mechanism eliminates the possibility of blowing out the flame. This also includes a metal or other handle that does not exceed 100 centimeters. A wooden holder and gas hose are installed on top of the handle. Using a reducer and a tube with a valve, the gas supply level and its length are adjusted accordingly. The nozzle is used to ignite the fuel, in this case the latter is propane.

Modernization of heating equipment

Any home craftsman can install a homemade atmospheric gas burner for a sauna stove. So, without any special costs, a solid fuel boiler can be converted into a gas boiler .

Equipping an existing solid fuel stove in a sauna with a factory-made gas burner unit will require some adjustment. You will be faced with the need to modify the dimensions of both the burner and the combustion chamber of the wood-burning stove.

Converting a solid fuel sauna stove into a combined gas and wood stove is within your power, but it will require precision and some effort. Do not allow the flame to come into contact with the walls of the firebox

To heat the combustion chamber evenly, the burner should be positioned closer to the bottom of the stove and strictly in the center. It is unacceptable to place the source high and offset in any direction. In this case, the camera will not warm up completely. And the flame from the burner can touch metal parts or the heater of the sauna stove.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

As you can see, building a gas stove will not be difficult even for a novice home craftsman and such a device will cost much less than a purchased option. This will require a minimum set of tools and materials, as well as some free time.

But, do not forget that homemade gas equipment is fraught with a hidden threat, so it is important to handle it very carefully and do not forget to turn off the gas supply when you are finished using the device.

If you had to assemble a gas stove yourself, please tell our readers about it. You can attach photos of the assembled device to the article and share the secrets of the assembly.

For heating small, remote non-residential premises, a homemade heater made from a gas burner and a heater made from a gas stove are suitable. To provide sufficient heat to medium-sized rooms, you should consider installing a gas heat gun or gas fireplace.

All devices considered can operate both from gas pipes connected to the room and from gas cylinders. It is worth remembering that when connecting to a gas pipe, it is necessary to install a meter and officially register the procedure with the gas control authorities. When installing a self-made structure, this procedure will become much more complicated.

If you use gas cylinders, you can effectively heat your room in the winter. It is important to remember that following safety precautions is the key to successful work with any gas devices.

Tags: gas, burner, hand, own, economical

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How to choose?

What you need to pay attention to when choosing a burner device for a boiler:

— productive power — noise level during operation (applies to supercharged models) — type of heating equipment for which the burner — type of fuel — pros and cons of this device — provide for possible malfunctions in the operation of the local gas supply mowing line.

Taking these factors into account, you can choose the most suitable burner device for your boiler so that it operates as efficiently as possible without the burden of frequent preventative maintenance.

Supercharged

This option uses a fan that actively pumps air. Stabilization of air pressure (pressure) allows you to compensate for almost all negative external factors

What is important is that “fire separation”, which often occurs with atmospheric burners with a significant increase in pressure, is also excluded

The following evidence supports such devices:

stable operation under any conditions;
efficiency of 95% or more;
a fairly high level of safety (determined by the design);
almost complete combustion of fuel;
wide range of achieved powers;
excellent level of automation;
Possibility of use in furnaces and boilers of a wide variety of structural types.

It is worth noting that forced-air burners are much more expensive than their atmospheric counterparts. Even the most affordable models of this kind cost at least 4.5 times more. However, the main technical advantages fully justify such a fee. When the burner is operating with supercharging, noise of varying volumes may occur. Special protective covers will help to cope with this problem.

Such models are approximately twice as efficient as traditional flare designs. Some people even take tourist-type ceramic burners (for cylinders) and convert them into a boiler or stove. But you can do this only with complete confidence in your actions.

Gas mini burner

Mini gas burners are more suitable for working with small parts. The mini burner is based on a needle for inflating balls. It is necessary to make a cut in it, a little further than the middle of the needle. Some needles already have a similar hole, which significantly speeds up the work process. Next, you need to take the syringe needle and bend it about 45 degrees in the middle.

Mini gas burner design

It is best to sharpen the pointed end of a syringe needle so that it is straight. After this, it needs to be inserted into the ball needle so that one end comes out through the hole, and the other protrudes from the large needle by several mm. The resulting mini structure should be fixed using soldering. After this, droppers must be attached to the bases of the two needles. Clamps - dropper regulators need to be moved as close to the needles as possible. In the resulting burner they will act as gas and air supply regulators. They also need to be fastened together, and this is best done using a heat gun. All that remains is to connect a source of compressed gas to the finished device, the burner is ready for use. This homemade gas burner can heat objects up to 1000 degrees

You should work with it carefully, observing safety precautions

Why and why is it necessary to change the jet?

Jets for different types of gas vary significantly, so when changing the type of gas-air mixture, replacing the nozzles is simply necessary

If you pay attention to the diameter of the hole, it becomes obvious that they are not the same. In this case, the diameter of the hole depends not only on the type of gas used, but also on the size of the burner itself

Some time after replacement, negative factors may appear indicating that the stove is not working properly. Don’t rush to change the jet right away; you may be able to limit yourself to cleaning it

Each of the gas stove burners differs in power and size, so for stable operation it is equipped with a separate nozzle.

The diameter of the outlet of each nozzle is calculated for a certain volume of gas supplied from the main line or gas tank

The more powerful the burner, the greater the volume of gas it requires to operate, therefore the diameter of the nozzle is required to be larger.

Sources:

https://morflot.su/gazovaja-gorelka-na-prirodnom-gaze-svoimi-rukami/ https://www.umeltsi.ru/prisposoblenia/5139-gazovaya-gorelka-svoimi-rukami-chertezhi-instrukciya-po- izgotovleniyu.html https://1-teplodom.ru/gazovaa-gorelka-dla-peci-kak-sdelat-forsunku-svoimi-rukami/

Which one should I do?

Low-power gas burners for everyday life and small private production are classified according to performance indicators as follows. way:

High-temperature – for precision soldering and welding, jewelry and glassblowing. Efficiency is not important, you need to achieve the maximum flame temperature for a given fuel.
Technological – for metalworking and forging work. The flame temperature is highly desirable not lower than 1200 degrees, and subject to this condition the burner is brought to maximum efficiency.
Heating and roofing systems achieve the best efficiency. The flame temperature is usually up to 1100 degrees or lower.

Regarding the method of burning fuel, a gas burner can be made according to one of the following. schemes:

Free-atmospheric.
Atmospheric ejection.
Supercharged.

Atmospheric

In free-atmospheric burners, gas burns in free space; air flow is ensured by free convection. Such burners are uneconomical; the flame is red, smoky, dancing and beating. They are of interest, firstly, because with an excess supply of gas or insufficient air, any other burner can be switched to free-atmospheric mode. It is here that the burners are ignited - at a minimum fuel supply and even less air flow. Secondly, the free flow of secondary air can be very useful in the so-called. one-and-a-half-circuit burners for heating, because greatly simplifies their design without sacrificing safety, see below.

Ejection

In ejection burners, at least 40% of the air required for fuel combustion is sucked in by the gas flow from the injector. Ejection burners are structurally simple and make it possible to obtain a flame with a temperature of up to 1500 degrees with an efficiency of over 95%, therefore they are used most widely, but cannot be made modulated, see below. According to the use of air, ejection burners are divided into:

Single-circuit - all the necessary air is sucked in at once. With a properly profiled gas channel at a power of more than 10 kW they show an efficiency of over 99%. Can't be repeated with your own hands.
Double circuit - approx. 50% of the air is sucked in by the injector, the rest into the combustion chamber and/or afterburner. They allow you to get either a flame of 1300-1500 degrees, or a CPL of over 95% and a flame of up to 1200 degrees. Used in any of the ways listed above. Structurally they are quite complex, but repeatable on their own.
One-and-a-half-circuit, often also called double-circuit - the primary air is sucked in by the flow from the injector, and the secondary air freely enters a limited volume (for example, the furnace firebox), in which the fuel burns out. Only single-mode (see below), but structurally simple, therefore they are widely used for temporarily starting heating stoves and gas boilers.

Supercharged

In pressurized burners, all air, both primary and secondary, is forced into the fuel combustion zone. The simplest supercharged microburner for benchtop soldering, jewelry and glass work can be made independently (see below), but the manufacture of a supercharged heating burner requires a solid production base. But it is the supercharged burners that allow you to realize all the possibilities of controlling the combustion mode; according to the terms of use they are divided into:

Single-mode;
Dual mode;
Modulated.

Combustion control

In single-mode burners, the fuel combustion mode is either determined once and for all by design (for example, in industrial burners for annealing furnaces), or is set manually, for which the burner must either be extinguished or the technological cycle with its use must be interrupted. Dual-mode burners usually operate at full or half power. The transition from mode to mode is carried out during work or use. Heating (winter - spring/autumn) or roofing burners are made with two modes.

In modulating burners, the supply of fuel and air is smoothly and continuously regulated by automation, working according to a set of critical initial parameters. For example, for a heating burner - according to the ratio of temperatures in the room, outside and coolant in the return. There can be one output parameter (minimum gas flow, highest flame temperature) or there can also be several of them, for example, when the flame temperature is at the upper limit, fuel consumption is minimized, and when it drops, the temperature for a given technical process is optimized.