What is the opinion of modern science regarding the influence of electromagnetic radiation on the human body and which devices are the most significant sources of such radiation?
Alexander Kuksa
ecologist, technical director of the independent environmental assessment Testeco
The influence of electromagnetic fields on the human body has been studied since the times of the USSR, back in the 60s of the last century it was confirmed, at the same time the concept of “radio wave disease” was introduced and Maximum Permissible Levels (MALs) were developed. Research in this area continues today. However, the effect and consequences of exposure to EMR greatly depend on each individual person, height, weight, gender, health status, immunity and even diet! Exactly the same as on the field intensity, frequency and duration of exposure.
The most significant sources of electromagnetic fields are those devices that we use most often and that are located closest to us. This:
- Cell phones
- personal computers (laptops, tablets, and desktop computers)
- from household appliances beyond competition microwave ovens
Communication devices produce an electromagnetic field at the moment of receiving/transmitting information, and due to the fact that they are located at a minimum distance to us (for example, a mobile phone is generally close to the head), the flux density of the EM field will be maximum.
Microwave ovens have a service life, if it is new and in good working order, then there will be practically no radiation during operation outside the oven, but if the surface is dirty and the door does not fit tightly, then the oven protection may not stop all the radiation and the fields will “pierce” even the walls of the kitchen ! And give the excess throughout the entire apartment or nearby rooms.
As a rule, the more powerful the current consumer, the closer it is to us, the longer it affects us and the less protected (shielded), the stronger the negative consequences will appear. Because the intensity of radiation from each specific source will also be different.
Method for treating skin wounds using radiation in the infrared wavelength range
Authors: Golovneva Elena Stanislavovna, Revel-Muroz Zhan Alexandrovich, Onishchenko Nikolay Andreevich, Ignatieva Elena Nikolaevna, Kravchenko Tatyana Gennadievna, Kozel Arnold Izrailevich
Patent holder: State budgetary healthcare institution, center for organizing specialized medical care “Chelyabinsk State Institute of Laser Surgery”
Date of state registration in the State Register of Inventions of the Russian Federation: February 18, 2017.
The exclusive right to the invention expires: February 18, 2036.
The invention relates to medicine, namely to surgery, and can be used to treat skin wounds.
Carry out daily irradiation in the infrared wavelength range of projections of spongy bones containing bone marrow and the skin wound at the site of the lesion. Irradiation of projections of spongy bones is carried out in the area of the sacrum and iliac bones for 1-2 minutes for each zone. The skin wound is irradiated in scanning mode from a distance of 0.3-0.5 cm from the body surface for at least 1 minute. Infrared laser radiation with a wavelength of 980 nm, a power of 0.5 W, and a power density of 500 mW/cm2 is used. Irradiation of each zone is carried out once a day for 3-5 days. For skin wounds undergoing surgery, irradiation of the projections of the cancellous bones and the skin wound at the site of the lesion begins, respectively, on the first and second days after surgery. For skin wounds that are not subject to surgical intervention, irradiation of the projections of the cancellous bones and the skin wound at the site of the lesion begins, respectively, on the first and second days after the occurrence of the skin wound.
The method increases the effectiveness of treatment of skin wounds by stimulating hematopoiesis, nonspecific immunity, increasing the concentration of stem cells in the blood, improving microcirculation and repair in the area of tissue defect.
The invention relates to methods for treating skin wounds, in particular in surgery, including experimental surgery, plastic surgery, cosmetology, and can find wide application in the treatment of skin surgical wounds, in particular, in the removal of skin tumors, treatment of burns and plastic surgery .
There is a known method of treating skin wounds by exposure to a monochromatic light flux in the red wavelength range in a pulsed mode with rectangular pulses, consisting of exposure to a wavelength of 600-690 nm, a pulse repetition rate of 40-41 Hz, a duration of 12-13 ms, a power density of 5- 10 W/cm2 for 15-20 minutes daily for 6 days (see patent No. 2032432, M. class A61N 5/06, published 04/10/1995).
However, the known method is effective in the treatment of only surgical skin wounds and ulcers and is not effective enough in the treatment of burn wounds.
An experimental study is known to study the effect of laser radiation with a wavelength of 0.63 μm and an output power of 13 mW/cm2 on an experimental injury (wound) on the right lateral surface of the body of outbred white rats weighing from 100 to 150 grams. A helium-neon based device LG-111 was used as a source of laser radiation. Irradiation was carried out 2 times a week for 10 minutes. The diameter of the focused spot was on average 1.0 cm (see article in the journal “Bulletin of New Medical Technologies”, 2012, vol. XIX, no. 2, p. 316).
The results of this study showed that regenerative processes in an incised skin wound under the influence of laser radiation go through all the classical stages, however, the duration of each of them is significantly reduced. Thus, by the 5th day after surgery, after exposure of the skin wound to laser radiation, a typical picture of acute exudative inflammation is observed. By 10 days, connective tissue begins to form in the area of the future scar: in the adjacent zone there is a clear picture of actively regenerating connective tissue and nearby muscles. On the 15th day after LLLT irradiation of the wound, a picture of the most intense new formation of capillaries is observed. By day 30, when a skin wound is irradiated with LILI, the picture generally resembles developed connective tissue.
This known method is quite time-consuming.
There is a known method of treating skin wounds, chosen as the closest analogue, which consists in irradiating a skin wound using radiation in the infrared wavelength range, including irradiation of the sternum for 10-15 minutes and the affected area (wound) from 20 to 40 minutes 2-3 times per day, only 6-8 days. Irradiation is carried out across the fields, capturing the entire wound surface and healthy tissue within 1-1.5 cm and moving from the periphery to the center of the wound.
Irradiation in a known method is carried out using a Geska series apparatus, designed for non-invasive combined effects of electromagnetic radiation on a pathological focus or the body as a whole by irradiation of reflexogenic zones, biologically active points of the patient.
To treat skin wounds using a well-known method, the following technical characteristics of the device are used:
— wavelength: nm — infrared 840-950;
— radiation power density, mW/cm2:jt 2.0 to 10 at a wavelength of 840-950 nm;
— magnetic induction, mT: 10;
— irradiation area cm2, not less: 220±10.
Treatment of skin wounds using a well-known method is as follows: the device is plugged into a 220 V power outlet with a frequency of 50 Hz. Using a push-button switch, set the mode required for the procedure:
- to relieve acute inflammation - blue light with infrared radiation;
- for the treatment of diseases - red with infrared radiation.
The light flux is directed to the affected area (ulcers, wounds, pain points) or to the corresponding reflexogenic zones, to the projections of the main blood vessels, to the projections of the internal organs. To increase efficiency, the irradiator is periodically moved parallel to the irradiation plane at a speed of 1 cm/sec. If the lesion exceeds the size of the light beam, then irradiation is carried out by moving the device in a spiral from the periphery of the lesion to its center.
Using the known technique, it is possible to treat bandaged surfaces, but with slightly less efficiency.
The depth of exposure to radiation using the known method is 5-7 cm. A further increase in the duration of the procedure will not cause any harm to the patient, but will not increase the effectiveness of the exposure. Simultaneous exposure of the same area of the body to LED radiation and a magnetic field significantly increases the preventive and therapeutic effects. This occurs due to the emergence of new physical processes in the body, as well as due to the summation of the effects of changes in physicochemical processes and biological reactions under the influence of a magnetic field. Exposure to a magnetic field causes a general adaptive restructuring of the body, increasing its reserve capabilities.
However, the need to irradiate the sternum for 10-15 minutes and the affected area (wound) for 20 to 40 minutes 2-3 times a day for 6-8 days makes this well-known procedure quite lengthy and inconvenient for both the doctor and the patient . In addition, this procedure is not always comfortable due to the fact that, depending on the location of the skin wound, the patient has to be in one or another, not always comfortable, position for 20 to 40 minutes, and even 2-3 times a day. day.
In addition, the known technique is recommended for its use in the treatment of only long-term non-healing wounds or wounds healing by secondary intention. When using the Geska series device in cosmetology and plastic surgery, in cases with acute purulent diseases - boils, infiltrates, carbuncles, purulent ulcers, skin burns, phlegmons, pustular rashes and trophic ulcers, other methods and modes of radiation are used and there is no irradiation of the zones spongy bones, in particular the sternum.
The presence of only the sternum in the known method of irradiation is not equally effective for patients of different ages. This is due to the fact that with age, the bone marrow content in spongy bones decreases and irradiation of only the sternum in middle-aged and older patients is not enough to effectively stimulate hematopoiesis and nonspecific immunity. Other bone marrow carriers are not used in the known technique.
In addition, using a known method of infrared irradiation of a skin wound from the first day after surgery can provoke additional tissue swelling in the wound area, which is associated with increased release on the first day after surgery of substances that increase vascular permeability, such as histamine secreted by mast cells.
Thus, the technical result to which the claimed invention is aimed is the creation of a method for treating skin wounds that is effective, simple, convenient, safe, has an expanded scope of application and the duration of which is 1-3 days less than in the prototype.
This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of treating skin wounds using radiation in the infrared wavelength range, including daily irradiation of projections of spongy bones containing bone marrow and a skin wound at the site of the lesion, according to the invention, irradiation of projections of spongy bones containing bone marrow is carried out in the area of the sacrum and iliac bones for 1-2 minutes for each zone, the skin wound is irradiated in scanning mode from a distance of 0.3-0.5 cm from the surface of the body for at least 1 minute, and as radiation in the infrared range of lengths waves use infrared laser radiation with a wavelength of 980 nm, a power of 0.5 W, a power density of 500 mW/cm2, and irradiation of each zone is carried out once a day for 3-5 days, and for skin wounds undergoing surgery, irradiation projections of spongy bones and a skin wound at the site of the lesion begin, respectively, from the first and second days after surgery, and for skin wounds that are not subject to surgery, irradiation of projections of spongy bones and a skin wound at the site of the lesion begins, respectively, from the first and second days after the occurrence of a skin wound.
The applicant has experimentally established that it is the implementation of irradiation of projections of spongy bones containing bone marrow in the area of the sacrum, iliac bones for 1-2 minutes for each zone, irradiation of a skin wound in scanning mode from a distance of 0.3-0.5 cm from the surface of the body in for at least 1 minute and, using as radiation in the infrared wavelength range infrared laser radiation with a wavelength of 980 nm, a power of 0.5 W, a power density of 500 mW/cm2, while irradiating each zone in the area of projections of spongy bones and skin wounds are carried out daily once a day for 3-5 days, and the implementation of irradiation in the area of projections of spongy bones and irradiation of the skin wound begins on the first and second days, respectively, after surgery or after the occurrence of a skin wound, allows achieving the technical result specified by the applicant.
Thus, daily, once a day, for 3-5 days, irradiation of the projections of the cancellous bones containing bone marrow in the sacral region, ilium for 1-2 minutes for each zone, using infrared laser radiation with a wavelength of 980 nm, power 0. 5 W, power density 500 mW/cm2, can significantly increase the efficiency of stimulation of hematopoiesis and nonspecific immunity. This is ensured by accelerating regeneration processes, thanks to an increase in the concentration of the patient's autologous stem cells, which are natural regulators of restoration processes occurring due to the effect of laser radiation in the infrared and red wavelength range of the claimed modes on the claimed hematopoietic organs, stimulating the release of circulating stem cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral bloodstream, where their content increases 6-10 times.
The acceleration of regeneration processes by increasing the concentration of stem cells is explained by the fact that one of the important sources of stem cells is human peripheral blood, in which a small number of stem cells with CD34+ markers, capable of differentiating to endothelial cells and blood cells, as well as with mesenchymal markers, are constantly circulating. stem cells differentiating to fibroblasts, nerve cells, etc. To date, more than 30 cytokines and growth factors have been identified in circulating stem cells (CSCs), which have a paracrine effect on the restoration of damaged tissues and wound healing, inhibit apoptosis, and are chemoattractants for other CD34+ cells, stimulating vascular growth and microcirculation.
Local application of laser action improves microcirculation and repair in areas of tissue defects.
It is the combination of local laser exposure and stimulation of the release of stem cells from the bone marrow that makes it possible to increase the concentration of stem cells in the blood, enhance the processes of homing of stem cells to the area of tissue damage and more rapid repair of tissue defects.
The inventive method allows to reduce treatment time by 1-3 days. The method is convenient to use for both the doctor and the patient, since the time of exposure to laser radiation is significantly less than in the closest analogue. In addition, the proposed method does not require repeated use within 1 day.
The laser treatment modes used are selected taking into account the ultradian and circadian rhythms of humans, which further increases the effectiveness of the proposed treatment method.
Eliminating the effect of laser radiation on the skin wound from the first day after surgery significantly reduces the risk of adverse reactions in the form of swelling of the tissues surrounding the skin wound.
The inventive method allows it to be used both in the treatment of skin wounds undergoing surgery and for skin wounds not undergoing surgery, which significantly expands the scope of its application.
The proposed method was tested on experimental animals. In an experiment on animals, acceleration of skin wound healing was observed when applying the proposed method for 2-3 days. The study was conducted on rats with a surgical wound of the skin of the anterior abdominal wall (3 cm), sutured with interrupted sutures and a skin wound sutured with a cosmetic suture using an atraumatic thread. From the first day after the operation, 5 sessions of laser exposure with a power of 0.5 W were carried out on the areas of localization of the red bone marrow (tail, ilium) and the skin of the wound on the abdomen. A 980 nm laser was used. In the dynamic control group, all manipulations with animals were reproduced, with the exception of irradiation. Biopsy material was taken on days 1, 3, 5, and 10 of the experiment. In preparations obtained from animals exposed to laser radiation, on the 3rd day of the experiment there was a significant decrease in neutrophil infiltration compared to the control, and edema was less pronounced. On day 5, against the background of mast cell activation, pronounced neoagiogenesis and a significantly larger area occupied by fibroblast strands were observed. By the 10th day, the density of connective tissue fibers increased and the width of the scar zone decreased compared to the control group, which indicated the beginning of the processes of its maturation.
The benefits of infrared rays
The benefits of using infrared rays in medicine have been scientifically proven. General improvement of human health, treatment of bacterial infections, lowering blood pressure and muscle relaxation - this is an incomplete list of the positive aspects of this amazing discovery.
Man, thanks to his perseverance, managed to find useful application for this amazing phenomenon in the most diverse and sometimes even unrelated areas of his activity. Of course, behind all this there is a careful study of the properties of rays.
An example of a study on an experimental animal.
Rat weighing 220 g, subcutaneous fat tissue is poorly developed. A surgical wound was simulated in a rat under anesthesia with zoletil. On the anterior surface of the abdomen, to the left along the linea alba, the skin was cut with scissors to a length of 3 cm, separated from the underlying muscles 0.5 cm from the cut, then the wound was sutured with a cosmetic suture and atraumatic thread. Irradiation with an infrared laser with a wavelength of 980 nm and a power of 0.5 W was carried out in the position of the animal on its stomach in the area of the sacrum and iliac bones for 1 minute per zone. The skin wound was irradiated in the supine position in scanning mode from a distance of 0.5 cm from the body surface with a 980 nm infrared laser with a power of 0.5 W. Irradiation was carried out daily, 5 times. On the 5th day, the wound area was visually assessed - a flat linear scar, pink in color, with soft, well-matched edges, without any discharge or blood crusts, was determined. A histological examination of a skin scar preparation revealed maturing connective tissue, with a well-developed collagen framework and proliferating fibroblasts; the blood vessels had differentiated walls.
Harm from IR radiation
Once again, I would like to remind you that infrared waves can be emitted in the long, medium and short spectrum. Waves of the long and short spectrum benefit the body, which cannot be said about short ones. Not only do they not provide any benefit, moreover, with prolonged exposure, a person can feel harm from them. A person is also a source of infrared waves, which have a length from 2.5 to 20-25 microns. If a person is exposed to radiation of the same length as the waves emitted by him, then this does not harm him.
Harm from IR radiation
The effect is completely different if human brain tissue is exposed to short infrared waves. In this case, a phenomenon called sunstroke occurs. This manifests itself in a deterioration in health: a person has complaints of pain, dizziness, increased heart rate and breathing, darkening of the eyes, and in especially severe cases, fainting may occur. If a person continues to be exposed to radiation, then the body simply will not have enough strength to cope with it. As a result, swelling of the tissues and membranes of the brain will occur, and signs of encephalitis and meningitis will begin to appear. All this seriously worsens a person’s quality of life.
Short infrared waves have a particularly negative effect on the eyes. If this exposure continues for too long, there is a risk of developing infrared cataracts. There is a lot of evidence that infrared waves can also harm the cardiovascular system. This is especially true for personnel in hot shops , whose work takes place in rooms with high levels of infrared radiation. Ultimately, this leads to the development of heart and digestive diseases.
According to statistics, in approximately 23.6% of cases, people employed in the metallurgical industry become disabled due to heart disease. One year of work in hot shops is enough to significantly weaken the immune system. And therefore, after this period, many workers begin to show symptoms of colds.
The inventive method is illustrated by examples of specific implementation
Example 1 . Patient M., 65 years old. A 5 cm long skin defect on the posterior surface of the shoulder, sutured with a cosmetic suture. 2 days after lipoma removal. On visual examination, there is pronounced swelling of the skin, the edges of the suture are raised, hyperemic, there is pronounced exudation, a hematoma measuring 2 cm2 and multiple petechiae near the wound, severe pain in the wound. Laser therapy started. Irradiation with an infrared laser with a wavelength of 980 nm and a power of 0.5 W was carried out in the prone position in the area of the sacrum and iliac bones for 2 minutes per zone. Irradiation was carried out daily. The skin wound was irradiated from the 2nd day after surgery in scanning mode from a distance of 0.3 cm from the body surface with an infrared laser 980 nm with a power of 0.5 W for 2 minutes. Irradiation was carried out daily. During laser therapy, after 1 session (3 days after surgery), no swelling or exudation is observed, petechiae have disappeared, the hematoma has significantly decreased in size, the edges of the wound are well aligned, and there is no pain. After 3 sessions of laser therapy (5 days after surgery), the suture is flat, pink, painless, no exudation or blood crusts are noted. The stitches have been removed. The patient was discharged for outpatient treatment.
Example 2 . Patient U, 52 years old. Thermal burn (II degree) of the skin of the anterior surface of the forearm, 8 cm long and 5 cm wide, 1 day. On visual examination, there is pronounced hyperemia of the skin, multiple blisters with clear liquid, and severe pain. Laser therapy started. Irradiation with an infrared laser with a wavelength of 980 nm and a power of 0.5 W was carried out in the prone position in the area of the sacrum and iliac bones for 1 minute per zone. Irradiation was carried out daily for 5 days. The skin wound was irradiated from the 2nd day in scanning mode from a distance of 0.5 cm from the body surface with an infrared laser 980 nm with a power of 0.5 W for 2 minutes. Irradiation was carried out daily for 4 days. During laser therapy, after 2 sessions, the blisters subsided, there was no hyperemia of the tissues surrounding the burn, and the pain was moderate. After 5 sessions of laser therapy, there is no pain, the surface of the burn is covered with a scab, and no exudation is noted. The wound heals on the 10th day, the scab crusts peel off easily, pink skin is visible underneath.
First aid for heatstroke
If complications cannot be avoided, it is necessary to take a set of certain measures.
When providing first aid for heatstroke, the following steps should be taken.
- Call an ambulance.
- Move the victim to a cool place, preferably in the shade, where there is access to fresh air.
- Make it easier for him to breathe by removing or unbuttoning his clothes. Give validol.
- Place the victim in a horizontal position, raising his legs.
- Give the victim 1 liter of water with a little salt.
- Cool the person by wrapping him in a cold wet towel and applying ice to his forehead.
- In case of loss of consciousness, it is necessary to give the victim a sniff of ammonia.
Claim
A method for treating skin wounds using radiation in the infrared wavelength range, including daily irradiation of projections of spongy bones containing bone marrow and a skin wound at the site of the lesion, characterized in that irradiation of projections of spongy bones containing bone marrow is carried out in the area of the sacrum and iliac bones for 1-2 minutes for each zone, the skin wound is irradiated in scanning mode from a distance of 0.3-0.5 cm from the surface of the body for at least 1 minute, and infrared laser radiation is used as radiation in the infrared wavelength range with a wavelength of 980 nm, a power of 0.5 W, a power density of 500 mW/cm2, while irradiation of each zone is carried out once a day for 3-5 days, and for skin wounds undergoing surgery, irradiation of the projections of spongy bones and skin wounds at the site of the lesion begin, respectively, from the first and from the second day after surgery, and for skin wounds that are not subject to surgery, irradiation of the projections of the cancellous bones and the skin wound at the site of the lesion begins, respectively, from the first and from the second day after the occurrence of the skin wound.
The more expensive electronics are, the safer they are?
In theory, high-quality household appliances will be more harmless, since the larger and more “renowned” the manufacturer, the more he will care about his image and, accordingly, certify all his products as responsibly as possible. But this, of course, also affects the cost of the equipment.
However, it is worth considering that this only applies to new equipment that has not been subjected to physical impact, repairs, with proper operation, location, etc. If at least something has been disturbed, then the intensity of the radiation can change significantly.
How to protect workers from increased levels of infrared radiation?
To ensure the safety of workers whose specific activities involve infrared radiation, it is necessary to regularly adhere to the following measures:
- Strive to reduce levels of infrared radiation in the workplace.
- Avoid exposing employees to elevated levels of radiation.
- Carry out activities aimed at improving the working conditions of production workers.
- Carry out regular measurements of the level of infrared radiation in work areas.
- Carry out a medical examination of production workers at least once a year.
